Table of Contents
Preface to The First Edition xi
Preface to The Second Edition xv
Acknowledgements xvii
1 Distributed Cognitive Functions 1
A General Theoretical Framework 1
Arousal and Attention 2
Memory 6
Higher-Order Cognitive Function, Personality and Behaviour 22
2 Delirium and Dementia 29
Delirium 29
Dementia 34
Differential Diagnosis of Delirium and Dementia 53
3 Localized Cognitive Functions 55
Language 56
Disorders of Reading-The Dyslexias 69
Disorders of Writing-The Dysgraphias 73
Syndromes of Calculating Impairment 76
Disorders of Praxis-The Apraxias 76
Damage to Specialized Right Hemisphere Functions 78
Achromatopsia, Colour Agnosia, and Colour Anomia 91
4 Cognitive and Neuropsychiatric History Taking and Tips on Physical Examination 95
The Patient Interview 95
The Informant Interview 106
Family History 107
Past Medical History 108
Alcohol Intake 108
Tips on Physical Examination 109
5 Testing Cognitive Function at the Bedside 113
General Observations 113
Orientation and Attention 114
Episodic Memory 117
Semantic Memory 120
Frontal Executive Functions 121
Dominant (LEFT) Hemisphere Functions 126
Right Hemisphere Functions 134
6 Standardized Mental Test Schedules: Their Uses and Abuses 143
Introduction 143
Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) 145
Information-Memory-Concentration Test (IMC): American Modification by Fuld 147
Hodgkinson Mental Test 149
Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (DRS) 149
Cambridge Cognitive Examination-Revised: CAMCOG 152
Alzheimer's Disease Assement Scale (ADAS) 154
7 The Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised and Supplementary Test Suggestions 157
ACE-R 158
AdditionalMaterial for Particular Cases 178
8 Illustrative Cases 185
Case 1 Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) 185
Case 2 Early-Stage Alzheimer's Disease 187
Case 3 Moderate Alzheimer's Disease 189
Case 4 Depressive Pseudodementia 191
Case 5 Behavioural Variant Frontotemporal Dementia 192
Case 6 Progressive Non-Fluent Aphasia (PNFA) 194
Case 7 Semantic Dementia 196
Case 8 Progressive Prosopagnosia and Personality Change (right temporal variant of frontotemporal dementia) 198
Case 9 Corticobasal Degeneration 200
Case 10 Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) 202
Case 11 Dementia with Lewy Bodies 204
Case 12 Visual Variant of Alzheimer's Disease (posterior cortical atrophy) 206
Case 13 Huntington's Disease 208
Case 14 Amnestic Stroke: Bilateral Thalamic Infarction 210
Case 15 Transient Epileptic Amnesia 212
Appendix: Neuropsychological Tests 215
Selected Further Reading 259
Index 261
