Table of Contents

Table of Contents:

1. ARM Embedded Systems
1.1 The RISC Design Philosophy
1.2 The ARM Design Philosophy
1.3 Embedded System Hardware
1.4 Embedded System Software
1.5 Summary

2 ARM Processor Fundamentals
2.1 Registers
2.2 Current Program Status Register
2.3 Pipeline
2.4 Exceptions, Interrupts, and the Vector Table
2.5 Core Extensions
2.6 Architecture Revisions
2.7 ARM Processor Families
2.8 Summary

3 Introduction to the ARM Instruction Set
3.1 Data Processing Instructions
3.2 Branch Instructions
3.3 Load-Store Instructions
3.4 Software Interrupt Instruction
3.5 Program Status Register Instructions
3.6 Loading Constants
3.7 ARMv5E Extensions
3.8 Conditional Execution
3.9 Summary

4 Introduction to the Thumb Instruction Set
4.1 Thumb Register Usage
4.2 ARM-Thumb Interworking
4.3 Other Branch Instructions
4.4 Data Processing Instructions
4.5 Single-Register Load-Store Instructions
4.6 Multiple-Register Load-Store Instructions
4.7 Stack Instructions
4.8 Software Interrupt Instruction
4.9 Summary

5 Efficient C Programming
5.1 Overview of C Compilers and Optimization
5.2 Basic C Data Types
5.3 C Looping Structures
5.4 Register Allocation
5.5 Function Calls
5.6 Pointer Aliasing
5.7 Structure Arrangement
5.8 Bit-fields
5.9 Unaligned Data and Endianness
5.10 Division
5.11 Floating Point
5.12 Inline Functions and Inline Assembly
5.13 Portability Issues
5.14 Summary

6 Writing and Optimizing ARM Assembly Code
6.1 Writing Assembly Code
6.2 Profiling and Cycle Counting
6.3 Instruction Scheduling
6.4 Register Allocation
6.5 Conditional Execution
6.6 Looping Constructs
6.7 Bit Manipulation
6.8 Efficient Switches
6.9 Handling Unaligned Data
6.10 Summary

7 Optimized Primitives
7.1 Double-Precision Integer Multiplication
7.2 Integer Normalization and Count Leading Zeros
7.3 Division
7.4 Square Roots
7.5 Transcendental Functions: log, exp, sin, cos
7.6 Endian Reversal and Bit Operations
7.7 Saturated and Rounded Arithmetic
7.8 Random Number Generation
7.9 Summary
8 Digital Signal Processing
8.1 Representing a Digital Signal
8.2 Introduction to DSP on the ARM
8.3 FIR filters
8.4 IIR Filters
8.5 The Discrete Fourier Transform
8.6 Summary

9 Exception and Interruput Handling
9.1 Exception Handling
9.2 Interrupts
9.3 Interrupt Handling Schemes
9.4 Summary

10 Firmware
10.1 Firmware and Bootloader
10.2 Example: Sandstone
10.3 Summary

11 Embedded Operating Systems
11.1 Fundamental Components
11.2 Example: Simple Little Operating System
11.3 Summary

12 Caches
12.1 The Memory Hierarchy and Cache Memory
12.2 Cache Architecture
12.3 Cache Policy
12.4 Coprocessor 15 and Caches
12.5 Flushing and Cleaning Cache Memory
12.6 Cache Lockdown
12.7 Caches and Software Performance
12.8 Summary

13 Memory Protection Units
13.1 Protected Regions
13.2 Initializing the MPU, Caches, and Write Buffer
13.3 Demonstration of an MPU system
13.4 Summary

14 Memory Management Units
14.1 Moving from an MPU to an MMU
14.2 How Virtual Memory Works
14.3 Details of the ARM MMU
14.4 Page Tables
14.5 The Translation Lookaside Buffer
14.6 Domains and Memory Access Permission
14.7 The Caches and Write Buffer
14.8 Coprocessor 15 and MMU Configuration
14.9 The Fast Context Switch Extension
14.10 Demonstration: A Small Virtual Memory System
14.11 The Demonstration as mmuSLOS
14.12 Summary

15 The Future of the Architecture
by John Rayfield
15.1 Advanced DSP and SIMD Support in ARMv6
15.2 System and Multiprocessor Support Additions to ARMv6
15.3 ARMv6 Implementations
15.4 Future Technologies beyond ARMv6
15.5 Conclusions
Appendix A: ARM and Thumb Assembler Instructions

Appendix: B ARM and Thumb Instruction Encodings
Appendix C: Processors and Architecture
Appendix D: Instruction Cycle Timings
Appendix E: Suggested Reading

Index