Loose-leaf Version for Sensation and Perception / Edition 2 available in Other Format
Loose-leaf Version for Sensation and Perception / Edition 2
- ISBN-10:
- 1464156611
- ISBN-13:
- 9781464156618
- Pub. Date:
- 08/08/2016
- Publisher:
- Worth Publishers
Loose-leaf Version for Sensation and Perception / Edition 2
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Overview
Like no other text, Sensation and Perception expertly introduces students to how we sense and perceive the world around us. Using clear and detailed explanations and highly effective illustrations the text illuminates the connections between mind, brain, and behavior in the realm of sensation and perception. Seamlessly integrating classic findings with cutting edge research in psychology, physiology and neuroscience Sensation and Perception 2e explores what questions researchers are seeking to answer to today and the methods of investigation they are using.
Sensation and Perception, Second Edition, now includes 15 chapters, including separate chapters on motion perception, perception for action, olfaction, and gustation, and a new appendix on noise and signal detection theory The new edition introduces new coauthor Richard A. Abrams (Washington University).
Product Details
| ISBN-13: | 9781464156618 |
|---|---|
| Publisher: | Worth Publishers |
| Publication date: | 08/08/2016 |
| Edition description: | Second Edition |
| Pages: | 592 |
| Product dimensions: | 9.00(w) x 10.80(h) x 0.70(d) |
About the Author
Steven Yantis is Professor and Chair of the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences at Johns Hopkins University, with secondary appointments in the Departments of Cognitive Science and Neuroscience. He studied experimental psychology as an undergraduate at the University of Washington in Seattle, and later he received a PhD in Experimental Psychology at the University of Michigan. Following a year as postdoctoral fellow at Stanford University, he joined the faculty at Johns Hopkins University, where he has been ever since. Yantis has research interests that include visual perception, attention, and cognition. Members of the Yantis laboratory measure behavior (response time, eye movements) and brain activity (functional MRI) as people carry out tasks that probe perception and attention. He has taught a variety of courses in human perception and attention for more than two decades. In Visual Perception: Essential Readings (Psychology Press, 2000), Yantis assembled 25 articles published over 100 years that laid the foundations of the field, and he is the volume editor of the Stevens Handbook of Experimental Psychology (3e): Volume 1: Sensation and Perception (Wiley, 2002). Yantis received the Early Career Award from the American Psychological Association in 1994 and the Troland Research Award from the National Academy of Sciences in 1996.
Richard A. Abrams is Professor in the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis. He studied engineering and psychology as an undergraduate at Columbia University and received a PhD in experimental psychology at the University of Michigan. After graduate school, he joined the faculty at Washington University, where he has been ever since. Abrams’s research interests include visual perception, attention, and action. Members of his laboratory use mostly behavioral methods (measuring response times, tracking hand and eye movements) to probe perception and attention as people carry out tasks. He has taught courses including experimental psychology and sensation and perception for over thirty years. His research has been supported by the National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation.
Table of Contents
BRIEF CONTENTS
Chapter 1: Foundations
Chapter 2: Light and the Eyes
Chapter 3: The Visual Brain
Chapter 4: Recognizing Visual Objects
Chapter 5: Perceiving Color
Chapter 6: Perceiving Depth
Chapter 7: Perceiving Motion
Chapter 8: Perception for Action
Chapter 9: Attention and Awareness
Chapter 10: Sound and the Ears
Chapter 11: The Auditory Brain and Perceiving Auditory Scenes
Chapter 12: Perceiving Speech and Music
Chapter 13: The Body Senses
Chapter 14: Olfaction: Perceiving Odors
Chapter 15: Gustation: Perceiving Tastes and Flavors
DETAILED CONTENTS
Chapter 1: Foundations
Vignette: "I’m Having a Stroke!"
World, Brain, and Mind
The Perceptual Process
Three Main Types of Questions
How Many Senses Are There?
Evolution and Perception
- Check Your Understanding
Exploring Perception by Studying Behavior: Psychophysics
Absolute Threshold
Method of Adjustment
Method of Constant Stimuli
Staircase Method
Difference Threshold
Method of Adjustment
Method of Constant Stimuli
Weber’s Law
Psychophysical Scaling
Fechner’s Law
Stevens’s Power Law
- Check Your Understanding
Exploring Perception by Studying Neurons and the Brain
Neurons and Neural Signals
Action Potentials
Transmitting Signals Between Neurons
The Human Brain
- Check Your Understanding
Cognitive Neuropsychology
Functional Neuroimaging
Electroencephalography and Magnetoencephalography
Positron Emission Tomography
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Diffuse Optical Tomography
- Check Your Understanding
APPLICATIONS: Self-Driving Cars
- Check Your Understanding
Summary
Key Terms
Expand Your Understanding
Read More About It
Chapter 2: Light and the Eyes
Vignette: A Rare Case: Vision Without Cones
Light
Light as a Wave
Light as a Stream of Particles
The Optic Array
- Check Your Understanding
The Human Eye
Field of View
Acuity and Eye Movements
Structure and Function of the Eye
Shape and Size
Three Membranes
Cornea
Iris and Pupil
Three Chambers
Lens and Accommodation
- Check Your Understanding
Retina
The Retinal Image
Anatomy of the Retina
Fovea
Pathways of Neural Signals in the Retina: An Overview
- Check Your Understanding
Photoreceptors: Rods and Cones
Transduction of Light
Number and Distribution of Rods and Cones in the Retina
Adapting to Changes in Lighting
Operating Range
Dark Adaptation
Photopigment Regeneration
Rod Sensitivity
- Check Your Understanding
Retinal Ganglion Cells: Circuits in the Retina Send Information to the Brain
Convergence in Retinal Circuits
Receptive Fields
Size and Distribution of Receptive Fields
Retinal Ganglion Cells Have Center–Surround Receptive Fields
Center–Surround Receptive Fields Exhibit Lateral Inhibition
Edge Enhancement: An Example of How It All Works Together
- Check Your Understanding
Disorders of the Eye
Strabismus and Amblyopia
Disorders of Accommodation: Myopia, Hyperopia, Presbyopia, and Astigmatism
Cataracts
High Intraocular Pressure: Glaucoma
Floaters and Phosphenes
Retinal Disease: Macular Degeneration and Retinitis Pigmentosa
- Check Your Understanding
APPLICATIONS: Night-Vision Devices
- Check Your Understanding
Summary
Key Terms
Expand Your Understanding
Read More About It
Chapter 3: The Visual Brain
Vignette: No Thing to See
From Eye to Brain
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
Pathways from the Retina to the LGN
Functional Specialization of the Layers of the LGN
Information Flow and the LGN
Superior Colliculus
- Check Your Understanding
Primary Visual Cortex (Area V1)
Response Properties of V1 Neurons
Simple Cells
Complex Cells
Responses to Other Visual Features
- Check Your Understanding
Organization of V1
Ocular Dominance Columns
Orientation Columns
Retinotopic Maps and Cortical Magnification
- Check Your Understanding
Functional Areas, Pathways, and Modules
Functional Areas and Pathways
Pathways from the LGN to the Brain’s Visual Areas
The Dorsal and Ventral Pathways
Functional Modules
Area V4: Color and Curvature
Lateral Occipital Cortex and Inferotemporal Cortex: Objects, Faces, and Places
Area MT: Motion
Intraparietal Sulcus: Visually Guided Action
- Check Your Understanding
APPLICATIONS: Brain Implants for the Blind
- Check Your Understanding
Summary
Key Terms
Expand Your Understanding
Read More About It
Chapter 4: Recognizing Visual Objects
Vignette: Face-Blind
A Few Basic Considerations
Object Familiarity
Image Clutter, Object Variety, and Variable Views
Representation and Recognition
- Check Your Understanding
Overview: The Fundamental Steps
- Check Your Understanding
Perceptual Organization
Representing Edges and Regions
Figure–Ground Organization: Assigning Border Ownership
Principles of Figure–Ground Organization
Depth
Surroundedness
Symmetry
Convexity
Meaningfulness
Simplicity
Neural Basis of Border Ownership Assignment
- Check Your Understanding
Perceptual Grouping: Combining Regions
Principles of Perceptual Grouping
Proximity
Similarity
Common Motion
Symmetry and Parallelism
Good Continuation
Neural Basis of Perceptual Grouping
Perceptual Interpolation: Perceiving What Can’t Be Seen Directly
Edge Completion
Surface Completion
Neural Basis of Perceptual Interpolation
Perceptual Organization Reflects Natural Constraints
- Check Your Understanding
Object Recognition
Hierarchical Processes: Shape Representation in V4 and Beyond
Shape Representation in V4
Shape Representation Beyond V4
The Question of "Grandmother Cells"
Modular and Distributed Representations: Faces, Places, and Other Categories of Objects
Top-Down Information
The Gist of a Scene
Unconscious Inference and the Bayesian Approach
- Check Your Understanding
APPLICATIONS: Automatic Face Recognition
Feature-Based Approach
Holistic Approach
- Check Your Understanding
Summary
Key Terms
Expand Your Understanding
Read More About It
Chapter 5: Perceiving Color
Vignette: Colorless
Light and Color
Spectral Power Distribution
Spectral Reflectance
- Check Your Understanding
Dimensions of Color: Hue, Saturation, and Brightness
Color Circle and Color Solid
Color Mixtures
Subtractive Color Mixtures: Mixing Substances
Additive Color Mixtures: Mixing Lights
Complementary Colors
Primary Colors
- Check Your Understanding
Color and the Visual System
Trichromatic Color Representation
Color Matching with Mixtures of Three Primary Colors
Cones and Colors
Principle of Univariance
If You Had Only One Type of Cone (or Only Rods)
If You Had Only Two Types of Cones
Physiological Evidence for Trichromacy
Meaning of Trichromacy
- Check Your Understanding
Opponent Color Representation
Four Basic Colors in Two Pairs of Opposites
Hue Cancellation
Physiological Evidence for Opponency
Color-Opponent Neurons in the Visual Pathway
Color Afterimages and Opponency
Meaning of Opponency
Color Contrast and Color Assimilation
Color Constancy
Lightness Constancy
- Check Your Understanding
Color Vision Deficiencies
Inherited Deficiencies of Color Vision
Monochromacy: Total Color Blindness
Dichromacy: Partial Color Blindness
Cortical Achromatopsia: Color Blindness from Brain Damage
- Check Your Understanding
APPLICATIONS: Color in Art and Technology
Pointillist Painting
Digital Color Video Displays
Digital Color Printing
- Check Your Understanding
Summary
Key Terms
Expand Your Understanding
Read More About It
Chapter 6: Perceiving Depth
Vignette: Learning to See in 3-D
Oculomotor Depth Cues
Accommodation
Convergence
- Check Your Understanding
Monocular Depth Cues
Static Cues: Position, Size, and Lighting in the Retinal Image
Position in the Retinal Image
Partial Occlusion
Relative Height
Size in the Retinal Image
Familiar Size
Relative Size
Texture Gradients
Linear Perspective
Lighting in the Retinal Image
Atmospheric Perspective
Shading
Cast Shadows
Dynamic Cues: Movement in the Retinal Image
Motion Parallax
Optic Flow
Deletion and Accretion
- Check Your Understanding
Binocular Depth Cue: Disparity in the Retinal Images
Binocular Disparity
Corresponding and Noncorresponding Points, and the Horopter
Crossed Disparity, Uncrossed Disparity, and Zero Disparity
Correspondence Problem
Stereograms and Anaglyphs
Random-Dot Stereograms
Neural Basis of Stereopsis
- Check Your Understanding
Integrating Depth Cues
- Check Your Understanding
Depth and Perceptual Constancy
Size Constancy and Size–Distance Invariance
Shape Constancy and Shape–Slant Invariance
- Check Your Understanding
Illusions of Depth, Size, and Shape
Forced Perspective
Ponzo Illusion
Ames Room
Moon Illusion
Tabletop Illusion
- Check Your Understanding
APPLICATIONS: 3-D Motion Pictures and Television
- Check Your Understanding
Summary
Key Terms
Expand Your Understanding
Read More About It
Chapter 7: Perceiving Motion
Vignette: Still Life
Perceptual Organization from Motion
Perceptual Grouping Based on Real and Apparent Motion
Figure–Ground Organization
Sensitivity to Biological Motion
- Check Your Understanding
Eye Movements and the Perception of Motion and Stability
- Check Your Understanding
Neural Basis of Motion Perception in Area V1 and Area MT
A Simple Neural Circuit That Responds to Motion
The Motion Aftereffect
Area MT
MT Neurons Respond Selectively to Motion
Activity of MT Neurons Causes Directionally Selective Motion Perception
Disruption of Area MT Impairs Motion Perception
The Aperture Problem: Perceiving the Motion of Objects
- Check Your Understanding
APPLICATIONS: Visually Induced Motion Sickness
The How and Why of Motion Sickness
Could Artificial Environments Be Made Less Sickening?
- Check Your Understanding
Summary
Key Terms
Expand Your Understanding
Read More About It
Chapter 8: Perception for Action
Vignette: Inaction
Vision Affects Action
Time to Process Visual Feedback
Optic Flow
Prism Adaptation
- Check Your Understanding
Action Affects Vision
Action Plans
Action Capabilities
Visual Processing in Perihand Space
Action-Specific Perception
- Check Your Understanding
Neural Basis of Perception for Action
The Role of the Parietal Lobe in Eye Movements, Reaching, and Grasping
Bimodal Neurons and Hand-Centered Receptive Fields
Handheld Tool Use
Mirror Neurons
- Check Your Understanding
APPLICATIONS: Perception for Action in Baseball: Catching a Fly Ball and Hitting a Fastball
How to Catch a Fly Ball
How to Hit a Fastball
- Check Your Understanding
Summary
Key Terms
Expand Your Understanding
Read More About It
Chapter 9: Attention and Awareness
Vignette: Out of Mind, Out of Sight
Selective Attention and the Limits of Awareness
Dichotic Listening
Inattentional Blindness
Attentional Blink
Change Blindness
- Check Your Understanding
Attention to Locations, Features, and Objects
Attention to Locations
Attention to Features
Attention to Objects
- Check Your Understanding
Why Attention Is Selective
The Binding Problem
Competition for Neural Representation
- Check Your Understanding
Attentional Control
Top-Down and Bottom-Up Attentional Control
Value-Driven Attentional Control
Sources of Attentional Control in the Brain
- Check Your Understanding
Awareness and the Neural Correlates of Consciousness
Seeking the NCCs in Perceptual Bistability
What Blindsight Reveals About Awareness
- Check Your Understanding
APPLICATIONS: Multitasking
Task Switching
Driving While Talking on a Cell Phone
- Check Your Understanding
Summary
Key Terms
Expand Your Understanding
Read More About It
Chapter 10: Sound and the Ears
Vignette: Dizzy
Sound
Sources of Sound
Physical and Perceptual Dimensions of Sound
Frequency and Pitch
Amplitude and Loudness
Audibility Curve: The Absolute Threshold for Hearing
Equal-Loudness Contours
Waveform and Timbre
- Check Your Understanding
The Ear
Pinna, Auditory Canal, and Tympanic Membrane
Ossicles and Sound Amplification
Eustachian Tube
- Check Your Understanding
Cochlea
Basilar Membrane
Organ of Corti
Stereocilia Bending and Tip Links
Inner Hair Cells and Outer Hair Cells
- Check Your Understanding
Neural Representation of Frequency and Amplitude
Frequency Representation
Place Code for Frequency
Physiological Frequency Tuning Curves
Psychophysical Frequency Tuning Curves
Temporal Code for Frequency
Amplitude Representation
- Check Your Understanding
Disorders of Audition
Hearing Tests and Audiograms
Conductive Hearing Impairments
Sensorineural Hearing Impairments
Age-Related Hearing Impairment
Noise-Induced Hearing Impairments
Tinnitus
- Check Your Understanding
APPLICATIONS: Cochlear Implants
- Check Your Understanding
Summary
Key Terms
Expand Your Understanding
Read More About It
Chapter 11: The Auditory Brain and Perceiving Auditory Scenes
Vignette: Hearing Without Recognition
The Auditory Brain
Ascending Pathways: From the Ear to the Brain
Descending Pathways: From the Brain to the Ear
Auditory Cortex
"What" and "Where" Pathways and Other Specialized Regions of the Auditory Brain
- Check Your Understanding
Localizing Sounds
Perceiving Azimuth
Interaural Level Differences
Interaural Time Differences
Head Motion and the "Cone of Confusion"
Perceiving Elevation
- Check Your Understanding
Perceiving Distance
Echolocation by Bats and Humans
Echoes and the Precedence Effect
Looking While Listening: Vision and Sound Localization
Neural Basis of Sound Localization
- Check Your Understanding
Auditory Scene Analysis
Simultaneous Grouping
Grouping by Harmonic Coherence
Grouping by Synchrony or Asynchrony
Sequential Grouping
Grouping by Frequency Similarity
Grouping by Temporal Proximity
Perceptual Completion of Occluded Sounds
- Check Your Understanding
APPLICATIONS: Seeing by Hearing
- Check Your Understanding
Summary
Key Terms
Expand Your Understanding
Read More About It
Chapter 12: Perceiving Speech and Music
Vignette: "Singing Sounds Like Shouting to Me"
Speech
The Sounds of Speech: Phonemes
Producing the Sounds of Speech
Producing Vowels
Producing Consonants
- Check Your Understanding
Perceiving the Sounds of Speech
Coarticulation and Perceptual Constancy
Categorical Perception of Phonemes
Vision and Speech Perception: The McGurk Effect
- Check Your Understanding
Knowledge and Speech Perception
Syntax and Semantics
Word Segmentation
Perceptual Completion: Phonemic Restoration
Brain Pathways for Speech Perception and Production
- Check Your Understanding
Music
Dimensions of Music: Pitch, Loudness, Timing, and Timbre
Pitch
Loudness and Timing
Timbre
Melody
Scales and Keys; Consonance and Dissonance
Knowledge and Music Perception
Neural Basis of Music Perception
- Check Your Understanding
APPLICATIONS: Speech Recognition by Machines
- Check Your Understanding
Summary
Key Terms
Expand Your Understanding
Read More About It
Chapter 13: The Body Senses
Vignette: Watch Yourself!
Tactile Perception: Perceiving Mechanical Stimulation of the Skin
Slow-Adapting Type I (SAI) Mechanoreceptors: Perceiving Pattern, Texture, and Shape
- Check Your Understanding
Fast-Adapting Type I (FAI) Mechanoreceptors: Perceiving Slip and Maintaining Grip Control
Slow-Adapting Type II (SAII) Mechanoreceptors: Perceiving Skin Stretch and Hand Conformation
Fast-Adapting Type II (FAII) Mechanoreceptors: Perceiving Fine Textures Through Transmitted Vibration
Perceiving Pleasant Touch
Mechanoreceptor Transduction
- Check Your Understanding
Proprioception: Perceiving Position and Movement of the Limbs
Nociception: Perceiving Pain
Thermoreception: Perceiving Temperature
- Check Your Understanding
From Body to Brain
Somatotopic Cortical Maps
Responses and Representations in the Somatosensory Cortex and Beyond
Neural Responses in Areas S1 and S2
Dorsal and Ventral Pathways
Cortical Representation of Temperature
Pathways for the Discriminative and Affective Dimensions of Pain Perception
Top-Down Mechanisms of Pain Reduction
Cortical Plasticity and Phantom Limbs
- Check Your Understanding
Haptic Perception: Recognizing Objects by Touch
The Vestibular System: Perceiving Balance and Acceleration
- Check Your Understanding
APPLICATIONS: Haptic Feedback in Robot-Assisted Surgery
- Check Your Understanding
Summary
Key Terms
Expand Your Understanding
Read More About It
Chapter 14: Olfaction: Perceiving Odors
Vignette: When the Nose Knows Nothing
What Is an Odor?
Odorants
Detection and Identification of Odors
Detection Thresholds and Difference Thresholds
Identifying and Discriminating Odors
The Role of Odors in Sensing Flavor
Olfactory Impairments: Age and Other Factors
Adaptation to Odors
- Check Your Understanding
Anatomical and Neural Basis of Odor Perception
The Olfactory System: From Nose to Brain
Olfactory Transduction and the Large Variety of Olfactory Receptors
Adaptation by Olfactory Receptor Neurons
Neural Code for Odor
Representing Odors in the Brain
Separate Cortical Representation of Odor Identity and Pleasantness
Cortical Adaptation to Odors
- Check Your Understanding
Odors, Emotion, and Memory
Effects of Odors on Social and Reproductive Behavior
Pheromones, Sweat, and Tears
Human Leukocyte Antigen Detection
- Check Your Understanding
APPLICATIONS: The eNose
How eNoses Work
eNoses on Wheels
- Check Your Understanding
Summary
Key Terms
Expand Your Understanding
Read More About It
Chapter 15: Gustation: Perceiving Tastes and Flavors
Vignette: Poor Taste
What Is Taste? What Is Flavor?
Tastants and the Basic Tastes
The Perception of Flavor
- Check Your Understanding
Anatomical and Neural Basis of Taste and Flavor Perception
Taste Buds and Taste Receptor Cells
From Taste Buds to the Brain
Representing Taste and Flavor in the Brain
Adaptation and Cross-Adaptation
Cognitive Influences in the OFC, and the Flavor of Expensive Wine
- Check Your Understanding
Regulating Food Intake
Sensory-Specific Satiety
Regulating Food Intake in the Absence of Taste
Individual Differences in Taste and Flavor Perception
- Check Your Understanding
APPLICATIONS: How Sweet It Is? The Taste and Use of Artificial Sweeteners
Brain Responses to Artificial Sweeteners
Behavioral Responses to Artificial Sweeteners
Artificial Sweeteners and Weight Loss
- Check Your Understanding
Summary
Key Terms
Expand Your Understanding
Read More About It
Appendix: Noise and Signal Detection Theory
Noise in Neural Activity and the Psychometric Function
- Check Your Understanding
Signal Detection Theory
A Signal Detection Experiment
Sensitivity and Bias
- Check Your Understanding