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The Mongol Conquests: The Military Operations of Genghis Khan and Sube'etei
The Mongols created the greatest landlocked empire known to history. It was an empire created and sustained by means of conquest. Initially an insignificant tribal leader, Genghis Khan gradually increased his power, overcoming one rival after another. After he had subjugated all tribes of Inner Asia, he struck southward into China and later attacked distant Khwariz in the Near East. Sübe’etei continued to make significant conquests after Genghis Khan died, conquering central China and leading a large force into the heart of Europe. Between them, Genghis Khan and Sube’etei directed more than 40 campaigns, fought more than 60 battles, and conquered all lands from Korea in the east to Hungary and Poland in the west.

This book offers a detailed narrative of the military operations of these two leaders, based on early Mongolian, Chinese, Near Eastern, and European sources. Making full use of Chinese sourced not translated properly into any European language, the account offer details never before given in English works. Detailed maps showing the operations support the text. Many conventional wisdom views of the Mongols, such as their use of terror as a deliberate strategy, or their excellence at siege warfare, are shown to be incorrect. This is a major contribution to our knowledge of the Mongols and their way of warfare.

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The Mongol Conquests: The Military Operations of Genghis Khan and Sube'etei
The Mongols created the greatest landlocked empire known to history. It was an empire created and sustained by means of conquest. Initially an insignificant tribal leader, Genghis Khan gradually increased his power, overcoming one rival after another. After he had subjugated all tribes of Inner Asia, he struck southward into China and later attacked distant Khwariz in the Near East. Sübe’etei continued to make significant conquests after Genghis Khan died, conquering central China and leading a large force into the heart of Europe. Between them, Genghis Khan and Sube’etei directed more than 40 campaigns, fought more than 60 battles, and conquered all lands from Korea in the east to Hungary and Poland in the west.

This book offers a detailed narrative of the military operations of these two leaders, based on early Mongolian, Chinese, Near Eastern, and European sources. Making full use of Chinese sourced not translated properly into any European language, the account offer details never before given in English works. Detailed maps showing the operations support the text. Many conventional wisdom views of the Mongols, such as their use of terror as a deliberate strategy, or their excellence at siege warfare, are shown to be incorrect. This is a major contribution to our knowledge of the Mongols and their way of warfare.

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The Mongol Conquests: The Military Operations of Genghis Khan and Sube'etei

The Mongol Conquests: The Military Operations of Genghis Khan and Sube'etei

by Carl Fredrik Sverdrup
The Mongol Conquests: The Military Operations of Genghis Khan and Sube'etei

The Mongol Conquests: The Military Operations of Genghis Khan and Sube'etei

by Carl Fredrik Sverdrup

Overview

The Mongols created the greatest landlocked empire known to history. It was an empire created and sustained by means of conquest. Initially an insignificant tribal leader, Genghis Khan gradually increased his power, overcoming one rival after another. After he had subjugated all tribes of Inner Asia, he struck southward into China and later attacked distant Khwariz in the Near East. Sübe’etei continued to make significant conquests after Genghis Khan died, conquering central China and leading a large force into the heart of Europe. Between them, Genghis Khan and Sube’etei directed more than 40 campaigns, fought more than 60 battles, and conquered all lands from Korea in the east to Hungary and Poland in the west.

This book offers a detailed narrative of the military operations of these two leaders, based on early Mongolian, Chinese, Near Eastern, and European sources. Making full use of Chinese sourced not translated properly into any European language, the account offer details never before given in English works. Detailed maps showing the operations support the text. Many conventional wisdom views of the Mongols, such as their use of terror as a deliberate strategy, or their excellence at siege warfare, are shown to be incorrect. This is a major contribution to our knowledge of the Mongols and their way of warfare.

Product Details

ISBN-13: 9781910777718
Publisher: Helion & Company, Limited
Publication date: 05/04/2017
Product dimensions: 6.20(w) x 9.30(h) x 1.00(d)

About the Author

Carl Fredrik Sverdrup is a Scandinavian living in Switzerland. He studied engineering and business, and has a career in international business management. He has a long-standing interest in military strategy and history. He has published articles on the M

Table of Contents

List of Maps v

Preface vi

Introduction viii

A Note on Sources xiii

The Environment: Nomads and Sedentary States xviii

The Khitan War Machine xxiii

Part I Genghis Khan 25

1 Temüjin 25

2 The Officers 27

3 The Mongol Army 32

Overview: Ally of To'oril, 1191 to 1202 42

4 The First Raid on the Merkits (Map 1) 44

5 The Victory of Jamuqa (Map 1) 47

6 The Defeat of the Tatars (Map 2) 50

7 Showdown with the Jürkins and the Restoration of To'oril (Map 3) 54

8 Further Raids, on the Merkits (Map 3) 57

9 War with the Naimans (Maps 4, 5) 59

10 Migrating to the Eastern Regions (Map 6) 64

11 Overcoming the Tribes in the East (Map 7) 67

12 Confrontation at Köyiten (Map 8) 71

Overview: Master of Mongolia, 1203 to 1208 75

13 To'oril's Bid for Supremacy (Map 9) 76

14 The Showdown with the Naimans (Maps 10, 11, 18) 81

15 The Defeat of Buyiruq (Maps 4, 23) 87

16 The Conquest of Wulahai (Maps 11, 23) 90

17 Battle Along the Buqdurma (Map 4) 92

Overview: The Chinese Campaigns 1, 1209 to 1215 94

18 Assault on Xia (Maps 11, 18) 96

19 The Road to Beijing (Map 12) 101

20 The Failed Siege of Datong (Map 13) 110

21 Into Central China (Map 13) 113

22 The Siege of Beijing (Map 13) 119

23 The Continued War Against Jin (Maps 11, 13, 21, 23) 126

24 Incidents at Home (Map 1) 145

Overview: The Great Western Expedition, 1219 to 1224 147

25 The defeat of Muhammad II (Map 14) 150

26 Khwarezm Crushed (Map 15) 158

27 Mopping-Up Operations (Map 15) 166

Part II Sübe'etei 171

28 Sübe'etei 173

29 The Early Life of Sübe'etei 175

Overview: Circling the Caspian Sea, 1216 to 1224 178

30 Defeat of Qudu's Merkits (Map 14) 180

31 The Hunt for Küclüg (Map 14) 184

32 Rendezvous on the Irghiz River (Map 14) 187

33 The Hunt for Muhammad II and Raid into Georgia (Map 16) 191

34 Across the Caucasus Mountains (Map 17) 199

35 And Quiet Flows the Don (Map 17) 203

36 Conflict Along the Volga (Map 17) 209

Overview: The Chinese Campaigns II, 1226 to 1234 213

37 The Destruction of the Xia State (Map 18) 215

38 Testing the Border Defences of Jin and Song (Map 18) 222

39 The Caspian Sea (Map 24) 225

40 Defeat in Daohui Valley (Map 19) 228

41 The Battle of Sanfeng (Maps 20, 21) 233

42 The Siege of Kaifeng (Map 22) 259

43 The End of Jin (Map 22) 273

44 Recovering Luoyang in the Year of Duanping (Map 23) 284

45 The Mongol Invasions of Korea 289

Overview: The European Campaigns, 1236 to 1246 293

46 Destruction of the Bulgar State (Map 23) 295

47 The Conquest of Russia (Map 23) 300

48 Securing the Plains Around the Black Sea (Maps 17, 23) 305

49 The Conquest of Chernigov (Map 23) 307

50 The Invasion of Hungary and Poland (Map 24) 309

51 Into the Heart of Europe? (Map 24) 325

52 The Mongol-Song War (Map 23) 328

53 Again Against the Song (Map 23) 336

54 Conclusions 339

Appendices

I The Breakdown of the Mongol army 351

II Battles of the Mongols and their Allies 358

Bibliography 367

Index 378

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