Taken from the first Cotsen Advanced Seminar, these twenty-one papers discuss where we have been and where we are now in terms of the theory and methodology of archaeology in the Mediterranean. The contributors include those carrying out research in both the Old and New Worlds, presenting case studies of cross-cultural significance. The main themes covered are: the future of large-scale archaeological fieldwork; archaeology and text; interpretation and preservation of archaeological sites; regional survey; landscape, and settlement archaeology and new approaches to the archaeology of the Stone Age. These essays serve as a springboard for discussion and response by archaeologists working in the Americas and other parts of the world.