Royal inscriptions, Herodotus and Manetho have been fundemental in order to reconstruct the chronology and history of ancient Egypt since Champillon's times. Without denying the righteousness of the approach, historical and pseudo-historical material are here analysed as historical documents per se, completely disregarding their value for the histoire evenementielle . Genre and format of royal inscriptions become important in order to establish the power of the tradition, as the entire group of historical sources mentioned embody hopes, fears, as well as social and cultural conflicts existing in Egyptian society at the times they were written.