An in-depth study of the secret pogroms in Stalin’s Russia and the consequences they were to have on the Jews, especially the prominent writers and artists that were to suffer so harshly because of the dictator’s paranoid obsessions. An encyclopedia of the people and the events that took place until Stalin’s death and beyond.
An in-depth study of the secret pogroms in Stalin’s Russia and the consequences they were to have on the Jews, especially the prominent writers and artists that were to suffer so harshly because of the dictator’s paranoid obsessions. An encyclopedia of the people and the events that took place until Stalin’s death and beyond.
Stalin and the Jews: The Red Book
475Stalin and the Jews: The Red Book
475Hardcover
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Overview
An in-depth study of the secret pogroms in Stalin’s Russia and the consequences they were to have on the Jews, especially the prominent writers and artists that were to suffer so harshly because of the dictator’s paranoid obsessions. An encyclopedia of the people and the events that took place until Stalin’s death and beyond.
Product Details
ISBN-13: | 9781929631100 |
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Publisher: | Enigma Books |
Publication date: | 01/01/2003 |
Pages: | 475 |
Product dimensions: | 6.40(w) x 9.30(h) x 0.80(d) |
About the Author
Arno Lustiger was born in Poland in 1924 and spent part of his youth in the Nazi concentration camps of Auschwitz and Buchenwald. Since 1945 he has been a publicist and journalist in Frankfurt, Germany, where he lives.
Table of Contents
Introduction | xv | |
Foreword | xix | |
The events | ||
Part I | History of the Russian Jews | |
1. | The Jews Under the Tsars | 3 |
The Jews in Poland--The Cradle of Russian Judaism | 4 | |
Discrimination Under the Tsars | 5 | |
Assimilation and "Utilization" | 7 | |
Anti-Semitism and Pogroms | 9 | |
2. | The Jewish Parties | 13 |
The Bund | 13 | |
The Anthem of the Bund | 14 | |
The Bund and Establishment of the RSDRP | 16 | |
The Zionists | 19 | |
Zion's Workers (Poale Zion) and Young Zionists (Ze'ire Zion) | 21 | |
Zionists-Socialists (Sionisty-Sozialisty--S.-S.) | 22 | |
Other Jewish Parties and Organizations | 22 | |
ORT | 23 | |
OSE | 23 | |
EKOPO and YIDGEZKOM | 24 | |
Thriving Cultural Life Despite Repression | 25 | |
3. | Jews in Russian Politics Before the October Revolution | 25 |
Cadets | 25 | |
Mensheviks | 26 | |
Narodniki and Social Revolutionaries | 27 | |
Anarchists | 29 | |
Jewish Bolsheviks | 30 | |
Lenin and Stalin on the "Jewish Question" | 31 | |
4. | From the February Revolution to the October Revolution | 34 |
The Jews in Independent Ukraine 1917-1920 | 37 | |
Part II | Janus-Faced Liberation: The Jewish Ascent After the October Revolution | |
5. | The Jews in Revolution and Civil War | 41 |
The Pogroms | 42 | |
Jews in the Red Units | 43 | |
The End of the Bund | 45 | |
Lenin's Rhetoric Against the Pogrom Campaign | 45 | |
6. | The Jewish Commissariat Yerkom and the Jewish Party Section Yersektsiia | 47 |
War Against Zionism | 49 | |
Persecution of the Jewish Religion | 51 | |
7. | Jewish Life Under the Dictatorship | 53 |
The Jewish "Blossoming of Culture" | 53 | |
The Place of the Jews in Soviet Society | 54 | |
The Shift in Professional Structures | 55 | |
8. | Pseudo-Zion | 57 |
"Productivity" and Survival of the Jewish Nation | 57 | |
The Crimea--A Soviet Palestine? | 57 | |
Birobidzan | 60 | |
Predictable Failure | 60 | |
9. | Under Stalin's Reign of Terror | 63 |
The End of Yiddish Journalism | 63 | |
Jews in the Grip of Terror | 64 | |
The Extermination of the Leaders in Birobidzan | 66 | |
Jewish Critics of the Soviet System | 69 | |
Part III | Prehistory and Foundation of the JAFC | |
10. | Anti-Fascism, Soviet Patriotism and Disguised Anti-Semitism on the Eve of World War II | 71 |
A Land Without Anti-Semitism? | 71 | |
The Jews as the New "Judas" | 73 | |
Russian Nationalism Rekindled | 74 | |
The Diplomatic Service Becomes "Jew-Free" | 75 | |
First Investigations of a "Jewish Conspiracy" | 77 | |
11. | Persecution and Deliverance--The Jews at the Time of the German-Soviet Pact | 78 |
Eastern Poland Under Soviet Rule | 79 | |
Mass Deportations | 82 | |
Murder of Polish-Jewish Officers in Katyn | 83 | |
Destruction of Jewish Culture in Poland and the Baltic Provinces | 84 | |
Deliberate Overlooking of German Crimes | 86 | |
12. | Henryk Erlich and Viktor Alter and the Creation of a Jewish Anti-Hitler Committee | 87 |
Erlich and Alter in the Clutches of the NKVD | 88 | |
Free Again--The Struggle for an Anti-Hitler Initiative | 90 | |
New Arrests and Murders | 92 | |
Interventions on Behalf of Erlich and Alter | 93 | |
13. | Early Jewish Anti-Hitler Initiatives and the Founding of the JAFC | 95 |
The First Meeting | 96 | |
The Founding of the JAFC | 99 | |
14. | Strategy of Silence--The Holocaust in the Soviet Information and Propaganda Policies | 101 |
The War Against the Jews | 102 | |
Collaboration and Anti-Semitic Agitation | 103 | |
Silence About the Slaughter of the Jews | 105 | |
A Few Exceptions | 106 | |
No Attempt to Save the Jews | 107 | |
Part IV | JAFC Activities Inside and Outside the Soviet Union | |
15. | The JAFC and Soviet War Propaganda | 109 |
Propaganda and Nationalism | 109 | |
Additional Anti-Fascist Committees | 111 | |
The Second Meeting | 112 | |
The First Plenum of the JAFC | 113 | |
The Oath of the Jewish People | 114 | |
The Second Plenum | 117 | |
16. | The Organ of the JAFC--the Yiddish Newspaper Unification (Eynikeyt) | 119 |
A Few Examples | 119 | |
Eynikeyt's Changing Function | 122 | |
17. | The JAFC in America--Fundraising and "Treacherous" Contacts | 123 |
Jewish Anti-Hitler Initiatives in the United States | 123 | |
Mikhoels and Fefer in America | 125 | |
Under the Control of the "Organs" | 126 | |
18. | Anti-Semitism Reappears in the Soviet Union and its Effect on the JAFC | 127 |
Jews Are Not Welcome Here | 127 | |
First Attacks on the JAFC | 130 | |
Resurgence of Anti-Semitism in the Population | 131 | |
The Third Meeting | 132 | |
The Third Plenum | 133 | |
Outcome of the JAFC | 134 | |
19. | Jewish "Heroes of the Soviet Union," Jewish War Heroes, JAFC Members and Their Part in the Victory Over Germany | 137 |
20. | The War on the Invisible Front | 143 |
The "Rote Kapelle" | 143 | |
The Jewish Fighters of the "Rote Kapelle" | 146 | |
21. | The Crimea Under German Rule | 147 |
A Soviet California with U.S. Aid? | 148 | |
The Crimea Memorandum | 149 | |
Part V | The Fate of the JAFC After the War | |
22. | The History of the Black Book | 157 |
The Beginnings of the Black Book | 158 | |
Competing Concepts | 158 | |
Material for Foreign Countries Only? | 161 | |
The Black Book | 162 | |
The First Complete Edition | 164 | |
What the Black Book Was Not to Contain | 166 | |
The Foreword | 167 | |
23. | Assisting in the Birth of Israel and Worsening of Anti-Zionism | 169 |
Soviet-Palestine Policy During the War | 169 | |
Support for the Founding of Israel | 170 | |
Israel Enthusiasm Among the Soviet Jews | 174 | |
Ehrenburg and the Anti-Zionist About-Face | 175 | |
24. | Barrage of the Experts--the JAFC in the Investigators' Sights | 177 |
Isolating the JAFC | 178 | |
Monopoly for Russian Nationalism | 178 | |
The Inquisitors Begin Their Work | 180 | |
State Security Pronounces the Death Sentence on the JAFC | 182 | |
The End of the JAFC | 184 | |
25. | The Attempt to Decapitate Soviet Judaism--the Murder of Solomon Mikhoels | 185 |
Mikhoels as the Target | 186 | |
Stalin's Terror Against His Own Family | 187 | |
The Anti-Semitic Interrogations Begin | 189 | |
Killers on Behalf of the Government | 191 | |
State Funeral for the Victim of a State Murder | 192 | |
Part VI | Open War Against the Jews--The Last Years of Stalin's Dictatorship | |
26. | The Campaign Against the "Rootless Cosmopolitans" and the Waves of Anti-Jewish Purges | 195 |
Open Jew-Phobia: The Attack on the Theater Critics | 195 | |
The Extermination of "Cosmopolitanism" | 199 | |
Mass Dismissal of Jews | 200 | |
27. | The Destruction of the Last Remnants of Jewish Culture | 202 |
The Fight Against "Bourgeois Nationalism" | 203 | |
Elimination of Jewish Cultural Institutions | 204 | |
28. | Pursuing the "Zionist Conspiracy" | 206 |
American "Agents" | 206 | |
Zhemchuzhina: Political VIPs in the Dock | 207 | |
The Head of the JAFC Disappears | 209 | |
In the Torture Chamber of the MGB | 211 | |
The Downfall of Abakumov and the "Jewish Conspirators" in the MGB | 215 | |
Ryumin Takes Control | 216 | |
First Signs of a "Doctors" Conspiracy" | 218 | |
Part VII | The Trial | |
29. | The Indictment | 221 |
Verdict Before the Trial | 221 | |
The Indictment | 222 | |
30. | The Trial | 224 |
Fefer--Witness for the Prosecution | 225 | |
Markish Counterattacks | 228 | |
Forced Confessions | 229 | |
"Jewish Nationalism" or Assimilation? | 230 | |
The Main Defendant | 231 | |
Torture and Testimony | 233 | |
An Agent Reveals Himself | 234 | |
The Accused: A Language | 235 | |
The Experts Disgrace Themselves | 236 | |
Last Declarations and Final Words | 237 | |
31. | The Sentence | 239 |
A Judge Doubts | 239 | |
Legalized Murder | 241 | |
32. | The Rehabilitation of the JAFC | 244 |
The Secret Proceedings of 1955 | 245 | |
The Public Rehabilitation of 1989 | 246 | |
Part VIII | After the Trial | |
33. | A Catastrophe Averted--Stalin's Last Months | 248 |
"Conspiracy of the Kremlin Doctors" | 248 | |
Were the Soviet Jews Going To Be Deported? | 251 | |
The Planned Letter of Jewish Personalities to Pravda | 253 | |
Letter to the Editorial Office of Pravda | 256 | |
34. | Developments in Eastern Europe | 262 |
Stalinist Persecutions and Trials in Eastern Europe | 263 | |
The Slansky Trial | 264 | |
The Planned Trials in Poland | 266 | |
German-Jewish Communists | 268 | |
The Jews in the GDR | 269 | |
The Planned Show Trial in East Berlin | 271 | |
35. | State-Sponsored Anti-Semitism After Stalin | 274 |
No Thaw Under Khrushchev | 274 | |
Anti-Semitism Disguised as "Anti-Zionism" | 275 | |
36. | Reaction of the Jews to State-Sponsored Anti-Semitism | 276 |
International Conferences for Soviet Jews | 276 | |
The Jewish National and Emigration Movement in the Soviet Union | 278 | |
The Fight for the Right to Emigrate--The Refuseniks | 281 | |
The Refusenik Colonels | 283 | |
Perestroika, Gorbachev, and the Jews | 283 | |
The Anti-Zionist Committee of the Soviet Public | 284 | |
Epilogue to the Refusenik Story | 286 | |
Part IX | ||
37. | In the Balance: Russian Jews Between Hitler and Stalin | 288 |
The People | ||
Mensheviks and Bundists | 295 | |
Zionists | 302 | |
Social Revolutionaries | 303 | |
Anarchists | 306 | |
Bolsheviks | 307 | |
Yevseki and Other Jewish Bolsheviks | 313 | |
Generals of the Red Army | 316 | |
The Precursors of the JAFC | 323 | |
The President of the JAFC | 326 | |
The (True) Chiefs of the JAFC | 331 | |
The Americans | 334 | |
The Editors of the Black Book | 338 | |
The Accused | 344 | |
The Other Persecuted and Victims | 373 | |
Authors and Editors of the Black Book | 379 | |
Members of the JAFC in May 1945 | 385 | |
Members of the Presidium of the JAFC in May 1946 | 387 | |
Murdered Yiddish Authors and Publishers | 388 | |
Yiddish Authors Killed in Action as Soviet Soldiers | 389 | |
Yiddish Authors Repressed | 390 | |
Hebrew Authors Murdered | 391 | |
Jewish Generals | 391 | |
Significant Publications About the JAFC | 399 | |
Archives and Journals | 402 | |
Selected Bibliography | 404 | |
Articles and Journals About Soviet Jews | 409 | |
Notes | 410 | |
Index | 427 |