Constantine: Roman Emperor, Christian Victor

A fascinating survey of the life and enduring legacy of perhaps the greatest and most unjustly ignored of the Roman emperors-written by a richly gifted historian.

In 312 A.D., Constantine-one of four Roman emperors ruling a divided empire-marched on Rome to establish his control. On the eve of the battle, a cross appeared to him in the sky with an exhortation, "By this sign conquer." Inscribing the cross on the shields of his soldiers, Constantine drove his rivals into the Tiber and claimed the imperial capital for himself.

Under Constantine, Christianity emerged from the shadows, its adherents no longer persecuted. Constantine united the western and eastern halves of the Roman Empire. He founded a new capital city, Constantinople. Thereafter the Christian Roman Empire endured in the East, while Rome itself fell to the barbarian hordes.

Paul Stephenson offers a nuanced and deeply satisfying account of a man whose cultural and spiritual renewal of the Roman Empire gave birth to the idea of a unified Christian Europe underpinned by a commitment to religious tolerance.
1111850342
Constantine: Roman Emperor, Christian Victor

A fascinating survey of the life and enduring legacy of perhaps the greatest and most unjustly ignored of the Roman emperors-written by a richly gifted historian.

In 312 A.D., Constantine-one of four Roman emperors ruling a divided empire-marched on Rome to establish his control. On the eve of the battle, a cross appeared to him in the sky with an exhortation, "By this sign conquer." Inscribing the cross on the shields of his soldiers, Constantine drove his rivals into the Tiber and claimed the imperial capital for himself.

Under Constantine, Christianity emerged from the shadows, its adherents no longer persecuted. Constantine united the western and eastern halves of the Roman Empire. He founded a new capital city, Constantinople. Thereafter the Christian Roman Empire endured in the East, while Rome itself fell to the barbarian hordes.

Paul Stephenson offers a nuanced and deeply satisfying account of a man whose cultural and spiritual renewal of the Roman Empire gave birth to the idea of a unified Christian Europe underpinned by a commitment to religious tolerance.
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Constantine: Roman Emperor, Christian Victor

Constantine: Roman Emperor, Christian Victor

by Paul Stephenson
Constantine: Roman Emperor, Christian Victor

Constantine: Roman Emperor, Christian Victor

by Paul Stephenson

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Overview

A fascinating survey of the life and enduring legacy of perhaps the greatest and most unjustly ignored of the Roman emperors-written by a richly gifted historian.

In 312 A.D., Constantine-one of four Roman emperors ruling a divided empire-marched on Rome to establish his control. On the eve of the battle, a cross appeared to him in the sky with an exhortation, "By this sign conquer." Inscribing the cross on the shields of his soldiers, Constantine drove his rivals into the Tiber and claimed the imperial capital for himself.

Under Constantine, Christianity emerged from the shadows, its adherents no longer persecuted. Constantine united the western and eastern halves of the Roman Empire. He founded a new capital city, Constantinople. Thereafter the Christian Roman Empire endured in the East, while Rome itself fell to the barbarian hordes.

Paul Stephenson offers a nuanced and deeply satisfying account of a man whose cultural and spiritual renewal of the Roman Empire gave birth to the idea of a unified Christian Europe underpinned by a commitment to religious tolerance.

Product Details

ISBN-13: 9781468303001
Publisher: The Overlook Press
Publication date: 06/10/2010
Sold by: Barnes & Noble
Format: eBook
Pages: 352
File size: 8 MB
Age Range: 18 Years

About the Author

Paul Stephenson is a professor of history at Durham University and a specialist in the early and middle Byzantine periods. His publications include The Legend of Basil the Bulgar-slayer and Byzantium’s Balkan Frontier: A Political Study of the Northern Balkans, 900–1204. Stephenson has researched and taught in the UK, Germany, and the USA.

Table of Contents

List of Maps and Stemmata xi

Preface xxiii

Introduction 1

Part I Faith and Power in the Third Century

1 Religion in the Later Roman Empire 13

Roman state religion and imperial cults

The cult of the standards

Private religious devotion and cults

The mysteries of Mithras

2 The Rise of Christianity 38

Women and the spread of Christianity

Christianity as an urban phenomenon

Christian exceptionalism and martyrdom

Early Christian attitudes to warfare

Christians in the Roman army

Military martyrs and warrior saints

3 The Unconquered Emperor and his Divine Patron 62

The crisis of empire

The emperor and the army

The Roman theology of victory

The unconquered emperor and the Sun - Aurelian

Christ the true Sun

4 The Tetrarchy 87

The first Tetrarchy

Jovians and Herculians

The Caesars at war

The army of the Tetrarchs

The Great Persecution

Lactantius: On the Deaths of the Persecutors

Part II Constantine Invictus

5 Constantine Invictus 113

The second Tetrarchy

Constantine's accession

Trier

A vision

The road to Rome

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge

Constantine Invictus and the theology of victory

6 Constantine and Rome 141

Maxentius in Rome

Adventus Constantini

The Arch of Constantine

Meanwhile: Licinius and Maximinus Daia

Constantine confronts Licinius

7 Constantine's Conversion 167

A Christian education

The setting Sun?

Legislating toleration

The battle for toleration

Eusebius and the labarum

A common vision?

8 Constantinople 190

Nikopolis: victory city

Location and foundation

The monumental core

A Christian city?

A second senate

A new Alexander, a new Moses

Part III Victor Constantine

9 Victor Constantine 215

Victor eris

The new Flavians and the Great Cameo

The deaths of Crispus and Fausta

Goths and Sarmatians

Christian soldiers?

The Greatest Victor

10 Constantine Maximus Augustus 236

Government

Life at court

Pentarchy

Persia

The Holy Places

11 Constantine and the Bishops 256

Constantine the universal bishop

The Donatist schism and the Council of Aries

The Arians and the Council of Nicaea

The Christian emperor after Nicaea

The Church after Constantine

12 Death and Succession 279

Constantine's death

Apotheosis

Constantine as Christ The succession

Constantius Victor

Christian victory

Conclusion 303

Glossary 309

Abbreviations 313

Primary Sources 314

Bibliographical Essays 316

Index 351

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