Understanding Information Systems: What They Do and Why We Need Them / Edition 1

Understanding Information Systems: What They Do and Why We Need Them / Edition 1

by Lee Ratzan
ISBN-10:
0838908683
ISBN-13:
9780838908686
Pub. Date:
01/28/2004
Publisher:
American Library Association
Understanding Information Systems: What They Do and Why We Need Them / Edition 1

Understanding Information Systems: What They Do and Why We Need Them / Edition 1

by Lee Ratzan

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Overview

In a world awash in data, information systems help provide structure and access to information. Since libraries build, manage, and maintain information systems, librarians and LIS students are often propelled onto the front lines of interactions between library users and technology. But what do librarians need to know to best meet their patron's needs? What exactly are information systems and how do they work? Information expert Ratzan uses plain language, humor, and everyday examples like baseball and arithmetic to make sense of "information systems" (computer hardware, software, databases, the Internet). He also explores their characteristics, uses, abuses, advantages, and shortcomings for your library. Fun exercises and appendices are provided to illustrate key points in the book and measure understanding. You can be a technophobe and still learn about systems and subsystems to represent, organize, retrieve, network, secure, conceal, measure, and manage information. This expert sourcebook addresses both theoretical and practical issues, and is complete with exercises, examples, terms, and charts that help clarify concepts to make your information system a success.


Product Details

ISBN-13: 9780838908686
Publisher: American Library Association
Publication date: 01/28/2004
Edition description: New Edition
Pages: 272
Product dimensions: 7.00(w) x 9.90(h) x 0.70(d)

Table of Contents

Figuresix
Tablesxi
Acknowledgmentsxiii
Introductionxv
1Describing Information1
What Is an Information System?1
What Is a System?1
What Is Information?2
Working Definitions of Information3
Information Distortion7
Exercises and Research Questions11
2Representing Information12
The Cumbersome Decimal System12
The Simple Binary System14
Converting Binary to Decimal and Back Again15
The Hexadecimal System18
Number Humor20
How Did the Romans Deal with Fractions?21
Prefix and Postfix Representation22
Exercises and Research Questions23
3Organizing Information25
Fundamental Information Structures25
Who Wants Short Sorts?33
Exercises and Research Questions36
4Retrieving Information39
The Nature of Information Retrieval39
Boolean and Beyond42
Vector Methods (Simplified)47
Fuzzy Information Retrieval50
Inverted Files54
Exercises and Research Questions56
5Networking Information57
Network Topologies57
Bridges, Switches, Routers, and Gateways61
6Securing Information62
Physical, Data, Server, Backup, and Network Security62
First Line of Defense: The Lowly Password66
Viruses, Worms, Trojan Horses, Logic Bombs, and Other Nasties68
A Dangerous Script71
Misdirection73
Exercises and Research Questions75
7Concealing Information76
Codes and Ciphers76
Key Issues79
The Unbreakable One-Time Pad80
Symmetric (One-Key) Cryptography81
Asymmetric (Two-Key) Cryptography82
The Secret History of Public Key Cryptography86
Other Cryptographic Systems87
Steganography: Hiding Information in Plain Sight89
Exercises and Research Questions90
8Measuring Information92
Bibliometrics: Measuring the Printed Word92
Sabermetrics: Measuring Baseball Information96
Web Metrics101
Exercises and Research Questions102
9Counting Information105
Counting Tools105
Counting Methods108
Counting Things111
Exercises and Research Questions133
10Numbering Information138
Prime Cuts138
The Intriguing Nature of Pi142
Pascal's Triangle147
Exercises and Research Questions149
11Managing Information150
Characteristics of a Successful Information System150
Building a Successful Information System152
Why Things Go Wrong154
Costs and Risks155
12The Computer as an Information System157
How Big Is an Exabyte?157
Data Compression: Reducing Redundancy158
Information Issues in the Background160
Exercises and Research Questions161
13The Internet as an Information System163
Basics of Internet Protocol Addressing163
Addressing Schemes165
The Internet Metaphor Project168
Is Internet Access a Privilege or a Right?172
Other Internet Issues175
Exercises and Research Questions177
14Music as an Information System179
The Nature of Music and Sound179
Tuning Information Systems181
How Many Tones Belong in a Scale?184
Making Cents of It All185
Melody Machines186
Fundamentals of Music Information Retrieval188
Exercises and Research Questions195
15Interpreting Information: Numbers as Meanings197
Gematria197
The Numerology of 666203
Exercises and Research Questions206
16Counterintuitive Information207
Not Quite Paradoxes207
The Trouble with Infinity214
Exercises and Research Questions218
Appendixes
AWhich Librarian Has the Server?219
BThe Square Root of Two Is Irrational220
CWho's on First?222
Answers to Selected Exercises229
References237
Index247
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