Biomedical Engineering: Bridging Medicine and Technology

by W. Mark Saltzman

Overview

This is an ideal text for an introduction to biomedical engineering. The book presents the basic science knowledge used by biomedical engineers at a level accessible to all students and illustrates the first steps in applying this knowledge to solve problems in human medicine.

Biomedical engineering now encompasses a range of fields of specialization including bioinstrumentation, bioimaging, biomechanics, biomaterials, and biomolecular engineering. This introduction to bioengineering assembles foundational resources from molecular and cellular biology and physiology and relates them to various subspecialties of biomedical engineering.

The first two parts of the book present basic information in molecular/cellular biology and human physiology; quantitative concepts are stressed in these sections. Comprehension of these basic life science principles provides the context in which biomedical engineers interact. The third part of the book introduces the subspecialties in biomedical engineering and emphasizes - through examples and profiles of people in the field - the types of problems biomedical engineers solve.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780511698644
Publisher:	Cambridge University Press
Publication date:	11/17/2010
Series:	Cambridge Texts in Biomedical Engineering
Sold by:	Barnes & Noble
Format:	eBook
File size:	24 MB
Note:	This product may take a few minutes to download.

About the Author

W. Mark Saltzman is the Goizueta Professor of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering at Yale University, and was the founding Chair of the Yale Department of Biomedical Engineering. He has taught numerous courses on topics in biomedical engineering over the last three decades, and has been widely recognised for his excellence in research and teaching. He is a Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering and a Fellow of the Biomedical Engineering Society. He is also the recipient of the 2014 Mines Medal and has been elected to the Institute of Medicine.

Table of Contents

Preface xiii

Acknowledgments xvii

Abbreviations and Acronyms xix

1 Introduction: What Is Biomedical Engineering? 1

1.1 Prelude 1

1.2 Engineering in modern medicine 4

1.3 What is biomedical engineering? 6

1.4 Biomedical engineering in the future 20

1.5 How to use this book 22

Profile of the Author: W. Mark Saltzman 24

Part 1 Molecular and Cellular Principles

2 Biomolecular Principles 31

2.1 Prelude 31

2.2 Bonding between atoms and molecules 33

2.3 Water: The medium of life 36

2.4 Biochemical energetics 38

2.5 Importance of pH 44

2.6 Macromolecules: Polymers of biological importance 49

2.7 Lipids 62

Profiles in BME: Veronique V. Tran 70

3 Biomolecular Principles: Nucleic Acids 82

3.1 Prelude 82

3.2 Overview: Genetics and inheritance 86

3.3 Molecular basis of genetics 93

3.4 The central dogma: Transcription and translation 101

3.5 Control of gene expression 107

3.6 Recombinant DNA technology 110

Profiles in BME: Tiffanee M. Green 126

4 Biomolecular Principles: Proteins 141

4.1 Prelude 141

4.2 Protein structure 143

4.3 Modification and processing of polypeptides 150

4.4 Enzymes 154

Profiles in BME: Brenda K. Mann 161

5 Cellular Principles 168

5.1 Prelude 168

5.2 Cell structure and function 170

5.3 ECM 174

5.4 Molecules in the cell membrane 175

5.5 Cell proliferation 182

5.6 Cell differentiation and stem cells 186

5.7 Cell death 188

5.8 Cell culture technology 189

Profiles in BME: E.E. "Jack" Richards II 194

Part 2 Physiological Principles

6 Communication Systems in the Body 205

6.1 Prelude 205

6.2 Signaling fundamentals 210

6.3 The nervous system214

6.4 The endocrine system 222

6.5 The adaptive immune system 227

6.6 Connections to biomedical engineering 234

Profiles in BME: Douglas Lauffenburger 237

7 Engineering Balances: Respiration and Digestion 247

7.1 Prelude 247

7.2 Introduction to mass balances 249

7.3 Respiratory physiology 260

7.4 Digestion and metabolism 276

8 Circulation 299

8.1 Prelude 299

8.2 The circulating fluid 300

8.3 The blood vessels 303

8.4 The heart 316

Profiles in BME: Curtis G. Neason 322

9 Removal of Molecules from the Body 329

9.1 Prelude 329

9.2 Examples of elimination of molecules from the body 331

9.3 Biotransformation and biliary excretion 334

9.4 Elimination of molecules by the kidneys 336

Part 3 Biomedical Engineering

10 Biomechanics 361

10.1 Prelude 361

10.2 Mechanical properties of materials 362

10.3 Mechanical properties of tissues and organs 369

10.4 Cellular mechanics 378

11 Bioinstrumentation 389

11.1 Prelude 389

11.2 Overview of measurement systems 392

11.3 Types of sensors 395

11.4 Instruments in medical practice 402

11.5 Instruments in the research laboratory 416

11.6 Biosensors 420

11.7 Biomicroelectromechanical systems and lab-on-a-chip devices 421

Profiles in BME: Bill Hawkins 425

12 Bioimaging 432

12.1 Prelude 432

12.2 X-rays and CT 436

12.3 Ultrasound imaging 443

12.4 Nuclear medicine 446

12.5 Optical bioimaging 451

12.6 MRI 456

12.7 Image processing and analysis 459

13 Biomolecular Engineering I: Biotechnology 472

13.1 Prelude 472

13.2 Drug delivery 474

13.3 Tissue engineering 482

13.4 Nanobiotechnology 492

13.5 Other areas of biomolecular engineering 495

Profiles in BME: Robert Langer 497

14 Biomolecular Engineering II: Engineering of Immunity 507

14.1 Prelude 507

14.2 Antigens, Abs, and mAbs 509

14.3 What are Abs? 511

14.4 How can specific Abs be manufactured? 514

14.5 Clinical uses of Abs 516

14.6 Vaccines 519

Profiles in BME: Eliah R. Shamir 532

15 Biomaterials and Artificial Organs 537

15.1 Prelude 537

15.2 Biomaterials 538

15.3 Hemodialysis 544

15.4 Membrane oxygenators 553

15.5 Artificial heart 554

15.6 Biohybrid artificial organs 558

16 Biomedical Engineering and Cancer 572

16.1 Prelude 572

16.2 Introduction to cancer 573

16.3 Surgery 574

16.4 Radiation therapy 576

16.5 Chemotherapy 584

16.6 Hormonal and biological therapies 589

16.7 Systems biology, biomedical engineering, and cancer 593

Appendix A Physiological Parameters 605

Appendix B Chemical Parameters 611

Appendix C Units and Conversion Factors 614

Index 617

Editorial Reviews

"This book sets a gold standard for textbooks in biomedical engineering. It is beautifully and clearly written, and explains all aspects, old and very new, of biomedical engineering in ways that are both exciting to the reader as well as easy to understand."
Robert Langer, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

"This textbook is a wonderful summary of the field of biomedical engineering - a must-have for any faculty member teaching an introductory BME course. As usual, Professor Saltzman has provided rich context and broad examples; he does an excellent job of weaving in valuable scenarios that are realistic, yet interesting - a great tool for engaging students. There are many creative and useful features to the text: the figures and illustrations provide much value to understanding the material, the problem sets offer both conceptual and quantitative review of the material, and the 'Key Concepts and Definitions' and 'Useful Links' sections at the end of each chapter are very practical for a student new to the field of BME. Of particular note, the 'Profiles in BME' vignettes for each chapter add a personal touch and serve to connect students to role models who are real people (with real stories) making an impact on the world."
Christine E. Schmidt, University of Florida

"This is an excellent book that covers the fundamentals of a broad array of specific fields within biomedical engineering. This textbook will certainly be adopted by many introductory biomedical engineering courses due to its meaningful organization, clear writing, illuminative figures, and variety of problems for students to work through. Its breadth and scope will stimulate all readers. Once again, Mark Saltzman has accomplished a major achievement by providing such a comprehensive text for students and educators alike."
Melissa Krebs, Colorado School of Mines

"This is a truly exceptional textbook. It is completely up-to-date and comprehensive, yet it is so readable that you can dip in at any page and find something that grabs you. It is designed for undergraduate students, and is a tremendous resource for course development - but equally, it is one of those essential bookshelf books, the one you will turn to when you need 'to brush up on your biology', or 'get your head straight on the engineering stuff'. A must for anyone interested in the very far-reaching field of biomedical engineering."
Quentin Pankhurst, University College London

From the Publisher