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9780894990267
Concrete Manual: A Manual for the Control of Concrete Construction available in Paperback
Concrete Manual: A Manual for the Control of Concrete Construction
by United States Department of the Interior
United States Department of the Interior
- ISBN-10:
- 0894990268
- ISBN-13:
- 9780894990267
- Pub. Date:
- 05/28/2001
- Publisher:
- Books for Business
Concrete Manual: A Manual for the Control of Concrete Construction
by United States Department of the Interior
United States Department of the Interior
Paperback
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Product Details
| ISBN-13: | 9780894990267 |
|---|---|
| Publisher: | Books for Business |
| Publication date: | 05/28/2001 |
| Pages: | 680 |
| Sales rank: | 447,235 |
| Product dimensions: | 5.18(w) x 7.90(h) x 1.62(d) |
Table of Contents
| Preface to Seventh Edition | v | |
| A Pertinent Quotation | vii | |
| Chapter I | Concrete and Concrete Materials | |
| A. | Introduction | |
| 1. | Concrete defined | 1 |
| 2. | Progress in concrete | 1 |
| 3. | Making good concrete | 2 |
| B. | Important Properties of Concrete | |
| 4. | General comments | 3 |
| 5. | Workability | 5 |
| 6. | Durability | 7 |
| (a) | Weathering resistance | 7 |
| (b) | Resistance to chemical deterioration | 8 |
| (c) | Resistance to erosion | 13 |
| 7. | Watertightness | 15 |
| 8. | Volume change | 16 |
| 9. | Strength | 20 |
| 10. | Elasticity | 27 |
| 11. | Creep and extensibility | 28 |
| (a) | Creep | 29 |
| (b) | Extensibility | 32 |
| 12. | Thermal properties | 33 |
| 13. | Weight | 34 |
| C. | Effects of Various Factors on the Properties of Concrete | |
| 14. | Entrained air content, cement content, and water content | 35 |
| (a) | Effects on workability | 35 |
| (b) | Effects on durability | 36 |
| (c) | Effects on permeability | 40 |
| (d) | Effects on volume change | 40 |
| (e) | Effects on strength | 41 |
| (f) | Effects on elasticity | 43 |
| (g) | Effects on creep and extensibility | 43 |
| (h) | Effects on thermal properties | 43 |
| (i) | Effects on unit weight | 43 |
| 15. | Composition and fineness of portland cement | 43 |
| (a) | Compound composition of cement | 44 |
| (b) | Types of cement | 47 |
| (c) | Fineness of cement | 53 |
| 16. | False set in cement | 54 |
| 17. | Use of pozzolans | 55 |
| 18. | Quality and gradation of aggregates | 56 |
| (a) | Contaminating substances | 57 |
| (b) | Soundness | 58 |
| (c) | Strength and resistance to abrasion | 59 |
| (d) | Volume change | 60 |
| (e) | Particle shape | 61 |
| (f) | Specific gravity | 61 |
| (g) | Gradation | 61 |
| 19. | Quality of mixing and curing water | 74 |
| 20. | Use of admixtures | 74 |
| (a) | Accelerators | 74 |
| (b) | Air-entraining agents | 77 |
| (c) | Water-reducing and set-controlling admixtures | 78 |
| 21. | Field control | 82 |
| 22. | Control of heat generation and cracking in concrete | 85 |
| Chapter II | Investigation and Selection of Concrete Materials | |
| A. | Prospecting for Aggregate Materials | |
| 23. | General comments | 91 |
| 24. | Maps and materials information | 91 |
| 25. | Geological and related characteristics of aggregates and aggregate deposits | 93 |
| (a) | Types of deposits | 93 |
| (b) | Classification and characteristics of rocks | 95 |
| (c) | Chemical suitability of aggregates | 101 |
| 26. | Prospecting | 103 |
| 27. | Preliminary sampling of prospective aggregate sources and reporting of related information | 105 |
| (a) | Sand and gravel deposits | 105 |
| (b) | Prospective rock quarries | 106 |
| B. | Exploration of Natural Aggregate Deposits | |
| 28. | General procedure | 107 |
| 29. | Exploratory excavations | 108 |
| (a) | Steel-cased test holes | 108 |
| (b) | Uncased test holes | 110 |
| (c) | Test pits | 113 |
| (d) | Trenches | 121 |
| 30. | Designation of deposits and of test holes and test pits | 124 |
| 31. | Reports and samples required | 124 |
| C. | Facilities for Materials Testing at Denver | |
| 32. | Laboratory facilities | 129 |
| D. | Denver Tests and Selection of Aggregates | |
| 33. | Tests of aggregates | 129 |
| 34. | Analysis of field and laboratory data | 134 |
| 35. | Quantity of aggregate | 134 |
| 36. | The selected aggregate | 136 |
| E. | Prospecting for Pozzolanic Materials | |
| 37. | Classification of pozzolans | 137 |
| 38. | Geologic occurrences of pozzolan | 138 |
| 39. | Samples and information required | 138 |
| F. | Denver Tests and Investigation of Pozzolanic Materials | |
| 40. | Tests and analyses of pozzolanic materials | 138 |
| G. | Denver Investigations of Other Materials | |
| 41. | Cement investigations | 139 |
| 42. | Investigations of admixtures and sealing compounds | 140 |
| 43. | Sampling and analysis of water and soil | 140 |
| Chapter III | Concrete Mixes | |
| 44. | General comments | 143 |
| 45. | Selection of proportions | 144 |
| 46. | Estimate of water requirements | 144 |
| 47. | Estimate of cement requirements | 146 |
| 48. | Estimate of aggregate requirements | 149 |
| 49. | Computations of proportions | 151 |
| (a) | Example 1 | 151 |
| (b) | Example 2 | 152 |
| 50. | Batch weights for field use | 153 |
| 51. | Adjustment of trial mix | 154 |
| 52. | Concrete mix tests | 157 |
| 53. | Mixes for small jobs | 158 |
| Chapter IV | Inspection, Field Laboratory Facilities, and Reports | |
| A. | Inspection | |
| 54. | Concrete control | 161 |
| 55. | Administrative instructions | 161 |
| 56. | The inspector | 161 |
| 57. | Daily inspection reports | 163 |
| 58. | The inspection supervisor | 167 |
| B. | Field Laboratory Facilities | |
| 59. | The field laboratory | 167 |
| 60. | Lists of laboratory equipment | 173 |
| 61. | Facilities for curing concrete test specimens | 174 |
| (a) | Water tanks | 174 |
| (b) | Storage in moist sand | 174 |
| (c) | Fogrooms | 174 |
| C. | Reports and Evaluation of Test Data | |
| 62. | Reports | 178 |
| (a) | Narrative portion | 178 |
| (b) | Summarized tabulations | 180 |
| 63. | Evaluation of test data | 184 |
| Chapter V | Concrete Manufacturing | |
| A. | Materials | |
| 64. | Aggregate production and control | 193 |
| 65. | Sand production | 193 |
| 66. | Wet processing of sand | 196 |
| (a) | Spiral classifiers | 197 |
| (b) | Reciprocating rake classifiers | 199 |
| (c) | Hydraulic classifiers | 200 |
| (d) | Hydraulic sizers | 200 |
| (e) | Wet process screens | 202 |
| 67. | Dry processing of sand | 203 |
| 68. | Production and handling of coarse aggregate | 204 |
| 69. | Screen analyses | 215 |
| 70. | Deleterious substances in aggregate | 215 |
| 71. | Beneficiation of aggregates | 217 |
| (a) | Heavy media separation | 217 |
| (b) | Hydraulic jigging | 220 |
| (c) | Elastic fractionation | 220 |
| 72. | Control of surface moisture in aggregate | 221 |
| 73. | Specific gravity | 221 |
| 74. | Miscellaneous tests of aggregate | 222 |
| 75. | Aggregate purchased | 222 |
| 76. | Cement | 222 |
| 77. | Water | 225 |
| 78. | Admixtures | 226 |
| B. | Batching and Control Facilities for Large Concrete Jobs | |
| 79. | Weight vs. volume batching | 226 |
| 80. | Batching equipment | 227 |
| 81. | Checking scales | 232 |
| 82. | Graphic recorders | 240 |
| C. | Batching Methods and Facilities for the Average Job | |
| 83. | Central batching by weight | 244 |
| 84. | Weighing equipment | 248 |
| 85. | Batching of liquids | 252 |
| D. | Mixing | |
| 86. | General | 258 |
| 87. | Truck mixers and agitators | 261 |
| E. | Quality Control of Concrete | |
| 88. | General | 267 |
| 89. | Consistency | 270 |
| 90. | Slump | 272 |
| 91. | Compressive strength | 275 |
| 92. | Air content and unit weight | 278 |
| F. | Hot and Cold Weather Precautions in Concrete Production | |
| 93. | Hot weather precautions | 279 |
| 94. | Cold weather precautions | 280 |
| Chapter VI | Handling, Placing, Finishing, and Curing | |
| A. | Preparations for Placing | |
| 95. | Foundations | 285 |
| (a) | Rock | 285 |
| (b) | Earth | 285 |
| (c) | Porous underdrains | 286 |
| 96. | Construction joints | 286 |
| 97. | Forms | 295 |
| 98. | Marking dates on concrete work | 301 |
| 99. | Reinforcement steel and embedded parts | 303 |
| 100. | Final inspection | 306 |
| 101. | Contractor's preparations | 306 |
| B. | Transporting | |
| 102. | Plant layout and methods | 307 |
| 103. | Transporting | 308 |
| (a) | Buckets | 308 |
| (b) | Cars and trucks | 312 |
| (c) | Chutes | 312 |
| (d) | Belt conveyors | 313 |
| (e) | Pneumatic methods | 313 |
| (f) | Pumping | 314 |
| C. | Placing | |
| 104. | The mortar layer | 319 |
| 105. | General discussion of concrete placement | 320 |
| 106. | Mass concrete | 329 |
| 107. | Tunnel lining | 334 |
| (a) | Preparation for lining | 334 |
| (b) | Control of seeping or dripping water | 335 |
| (c) | Concrete for tunnel lining | 336 |
| (d) | Placing concrete in tunnel lining | 337 |
| 108. | Monolithic siphons | 341 |
| 109. | Canal lining | 344 |
| (a) | The concrete mix | 344 |
| (b) | Reinforcement | 345 |
| (c) | Placing the lining | 346 |
| (d) | Contraction joints | 358 |
| 110. | Precast concrete pipe | 361 |
| (a) | General | 361 |
| (b) | Cast pipe | 362 |
| (c) | Centrifugally spun pipe | 366 |
| (d) | Tamped and packerhead pipe | 367 |
| (e) | Prestressed pipe | 373 |
| (f) | Roller-compacted asbestos-cement pipe | 374 |
| 111. | Cast-in-place concrete pipe | 374 |
| (a) | General | 374 |
| (b) | Concrete | 376 |
| 112. | Vibrators | 376 |
| 113. | Surface imperfections | 381 |
| 114. | Bond with reinforcement and embedded parts | 382 |
| 115. | Waste concrete | 383 |
| 116. | Shutting down concreting operations | 384 |
| 117. | Placing concrete in water | 384 |
| D. | Removal of Forms, and Finishing | |
| 118. | Removal of forms | 385 |
| 119. | Repair of concrete | 386 |
| 120. | Types and treatments of formed surfaces | 387 |
| (a) | Finish F1 | 388 |
| (b) | Finish F2 | 388 |
| (c) | Finish F3 | 388 |
| (d) | Finish F4 | 389 |
| (e) | Finish F5 | 389 |
| (f) | Special stoned finishes | 389 |
| (g) | Sack-rubbed finish | 391 |
| (h) | Sandblast finish | 392 |
| (i) | Vacuum-processed finish | 392 |
| (j) | Removing stains from formed surfaces | 392 |
| 121. | Finishing unformed surfaces | 393 |
| (a) | Finish U1 | 393 |
| (b) | Finish U2 | 394 |
| (c) | Finish U3 | 394 |
| (d) | Finish U4 | 395 |
| (e) | Preventing hair cracks | 395 |
| 122. | Special requirements for concrete surfaces subject to high-velocity flow | 395 |
| (a) | Surfaces of outlet works conduits and tunnels | 396 |
| (b) | Surfaces of tunnel spillways | 397 |
| (c) | Surfaces of open-flow spillways | 397 |
| 123. | Painting and dampproofing of concrete | 398 |
| (a) | Painting | 398 |
| (b) | Dampproofing | 398 |
| E. | Curing | |
| 124. | Moist curing | 399 |
| 125. | Curing with sealing membranes | 400 |
| 126. | Steam curing | 404 |
| F. | Concreting Under Severe Weather Conditions | |
| 127. | Precautions to be observed during hot weather | 406 |
| 128. | Precautions to be observed during cold weather | 407 |
| Chapter VII | Repair and Maintenance of Concrete | |
| 129. | General requirements for workmanship | 417 |
| 130. | Methods of repair | 418 |
| (a) | Repair of new work | 418 |
| (b) | Repair of old work | 418 |
| (c) | Epoxy-bonded repairs | 419 |
| 131. | Preparation of concrete for repair | 420 |
| (a) | Dry pack | 425 |
| (b) | Concrete replacement | 425 |
| (c) | Mortar replacement | 426 |
| 132. | Use of dry-pack mortar | 427 |
| 133. | Procedure for replacement of formed concrete | 428 |
| 134. | Procedure for replacement of unformed concrete | 433 |
| 135. | Procedure for mortar replacement | 433 |
| 136. | Procedures for uses of epoxies | 436 |
| 137. | Repairs under seepage conditions |
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