Introduction to RF Stealth

by David A. Lynch

Overview

This is the only book focused on the complete aspects of RF Stealth design. It is the first book to present and explain first order methods for the design of active and passive stealth properties. Everything from Electronic Order of Battle to key component design is covered. The book is a 'How to' reference, allowing estimation of RCS, emitter interceptability, IR signature with speed, emitter footprints, terrain obscuration and target visibility, ambient spectra, ambient pulse density, detection performance, antenna, filter and pulse compression sidelobes, emitter location accuracy, stealthy pulse compression design, stealthy antenna design, signal processor performance, and more. Unique compilations of the leading parameters of many emitters and interceptors are included, as is analytical software for each chapter. Stealth was a major military breakthrough very much in today's news. Though the author has been pioneering modern stealth techniques since 1975, necessary requirements of security has kept this material from becoming widely known. The book's purpose is to provide a new generation of designers with a firm and proven basis for new developments and to allow buyers of stealth technology to separate the charlatans from serious engineers. Key features of this book include the fact that there is no competing title on the market; this will be the standard text for years to come. All analysis is presented on a first order basis: simplest approach, use of approximations, intuitive reasoning, many examples. The book's practical 'How to' approach incorporates recipes and examples for estimation of critical performance parameters. Includes 368 figures, 74 tables, 328 equations and 108 items of analytical software.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781891121210
Publisher:	Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)
Publication date:	01/28/2004
Series:	The SciTech Radar and Defense Series
Pages:	560
Product dimensions:	7.10(w) x 9.60(h) x 1.50(d)

About the Author

David A. Lynch

Table of Contents

Introduction to Stealth Systems
    Introduction
    The Stealth Challenge
    The Stealth Approach
    Balanced Design
    "Great Thoughts" Of Stealth / LO Technology
    RCS & Power Management Summary
    Low Probability Of Intercept Systems Introduction
    Great Thoughts Of LPI Systems Design
    Detection And Intercept Probability
    Reduced Detectability - Effective Radiated Peak Power & Maximum Signal Uncertainty
    LPI Performance Example
    A Little History Of Stealth Systems
    LPIR Program Accomplishments
    LPI Modes Demonstrated Through Test
    LPIR Program Results Summary
    LPIS Typical Technology
    LPI Maximizes Uncertainty
    Basic LPI Equations
    Radar And Beacon Equations
    Intercept Power Relations And LPIS Figures Of Merit
    Detection Range Versus Intercept Range Equations
    Introduction To Radar Cross Section
    Mathematical Basis
    RCS Phenomenology
    Estimating RCS
    Introduction To Signature Balance
    Radar Threat
    Infrared Threat
    Intercept Threat
    Exercises
    References
Interceptability Parameters And Analysis
    Interceptability Parameters
    Interceptability Footprints
    Interceptor Time Response
    Receiver Sensitivity Versus Intercept Probability
    Power Management
    Interceptability Analysis
    Intercept Receiver Sensitivity
    Sidelobe Intercept Range
    Interceptor Detection Probabilities
    Interceptability Time Constraints
    Interceptability Frequency Constraints
    Antenna Gain Mismatch
    Cumulative Probability Of Intercept
    Example Mode Interceptability
    Example Radar Mode Interceptability Calculations
    Data Link Mode Interceptability Example
    Footprint Calculation
    “Cookie Cutter” Footprints
    More Accurate Footprints
    Exercises
    References
Intercept Receivers - Survey Of Current And Future Intercept Receivers
    Receiver Types
    Crystal Video Receiver
    Instantaneous Frequency Measurement
    Scanning Superhetrodyne Receivers
    Channelized Receivers
    Transform Intercept Receivers
    Hybrid Or Cueing Receivers
    Intercept Receiver Processing
    Interceptor Measurement Accuracy
    Frequency Measurement
    Pulse Amplitude And Width Measurement
    Time Of Arrival & PRI Measurement
    Angle Of Arrival Measurement
    Amplitude Angle Of Arrival
    Phase Angle Of Arrival
    Range Estimation
    Intercept Receiver Threat Trends
    Typical Response Threats–Elastic Threat
    Corresponding Specification Of LPIS Emissions
    Typical Response Threats – Radiometric & Correlation
    LPIS Versus Interceptor
    Screening Jamming
    Spoofing
    Typical Deployed Intercept Receivers
    Exercises
    References
Exploitation Of The Environment - Atmospheric Attenuation Clutter
    Terrain Masking
    Electronic Order Of Battle
    Radar & EW Intercept EOB
    Radar Emitter EOB
    Electronic Countermeasures EOB
    RF Spectrum Masking
    Example Ambient Spectra
    Estimating Ambient Spectra
    Estimating Ambient Pulse Density
    Example Scenario Analysis
    Classification Usable Sensitivity
    Monte Carlo Simulations
    Typical Deployed Emitters
    Exercises
    References
Stealth Waveforms - Waveform Criteria
    Frequency Diversity
    Simultaneous Transmit And Receive Cross Talk
    Low Noise Adaptive Multifrequency Generation
    Detection Of Multifrequency Waveforms
    Power Management
    Pulse Compression
    Linear FM / Chirp
    LPI Performance Loss Incurred By Use Of Chirp
    Stretch Processing
    Discrete Phase Codes
    Barker Codes
    Frank And Digital Chirp Codes
    Complementary Codes
    Complementary Code Overview
    Type II Complementary Codes
    Polyphase Complementary Codes
    Self Noise Performance Of Complementary Codes
    Hybrid Waveforms
    Hybrid Spread Spectrum Stretch (S-Cubed)
    Hybrid Spread Spectrum Stretch Processing
    Waveform And Processing Parameters
    Noise Propagation In Pulse Compressors
    Waveform Summary
    Exercises
    References
Stealth Antennas and Radomes
    Introduction
    Antenna Parameters
    Fundamental Definitions
    Antenna Radiation Pattern And Aperture Distribution
    Single Radiators
    The Electric Dipole
    The Magnetic Dipole Or Small Loop
    Slot Radiators
    Small Rectangular Slot In Infinite Ground Plane
    Near Half-Wave Radiating Slot In Infinite Ground Plane
    Slot Near Field
    Broadband Radiators
    Antenna Arrays
    Simple Apertures
    Sidelobe Reduction Functions
    Error Induced Antenna Pattern Degradation
    Arrays Of Elements
    Electronically Scanned Arrays
    Antenna Scattering
    Basic Notions
    Estimating Antenna RCS
    Estimating Errors Due To Circuit Variations
    Low RCS Radomes
    Introduction
    Antenna & Radome Integration
    General Formulas
    Composite Radomes
    Thick Frequency Selective Layers
    Edge Treatment
    Coordinate Rotations
    Radome And Antenna RCS
    Exercises
    References
Signal Processing
    Introduction To Stealth Signal Processing
    Example Signal Processors
    Basic Digital Signal Processing
    Matched Filtering And Straddling Losses
    Multiple Time Around Echoes, Multipath And Eclipsing
    Noise In Digital Signal Processing Systems
    Noise And Gain In Signal Selective Networks
    Effects Of Processing Order On Dynamic Range
    Saturation, Quantization And Optimum Signal Level
    Noise In Prefiltering
    Noise & Signal Response In Narrowband Filtering
    Roundoff, Saturation And Truncation
    Multiplier Roundoff Noise
    Saturation & Truncation During FFT Processing
    Air Target–Search, Acquisition, Track
    Air Target Search
    False Alarm Control
    Air Target Tracking
    Terrain Following/Terrain Avoidance
    Real Beam Ground Map
    Doppler Beam Sharpening
    Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Mapping
    Ground MTI & MTT
    Ground Moving Target Overview
    Ground Moving Target Thresholding
    GMT Tracking
    Quiet Weapon Delivery
    Data Links
    Data Compression
    Jammer Nulling
    Adaptive Processing
    References
    Exercises
Appendices     108 programs in MathCad on CD support text analysis.