LPIC-2 Cert Guide: (201-400 and 202-400 exams) / Edition 1

by William Rothwell

Overview

LPIC-2 Cert Guide (201-400 and 202-400 Exams) is a best-of-breed exam study guide. Expert Linux/Unix instructor William “Bo” Rothwell shares preparation hints and test-taking tips, helping you identify areas of weakness and improve both your conceptual knowledge and hands-on skills. Material is presented in a concise manner, focusing on increasing your understanding and retention of exam topics.

The book presents you with an organized test preparation routine through the use of proven series elements and techniques. Exam topic lists make referencing easy. Chapter-ending Exam Preparation Tasks help you drill on key concepts you must know thoroughly. Review questions help you assess your knowledge, and a final preparation chapter guides you through tools and resources to help you craft your final study plan.

You get access to the powerful Pearson IT Certification Practice Test engine, complete with hundreds of exam-realistic questions. The assessment engine offers you a wealth of customization options and reporting features, laying out a complete assessment of your knowledge to help you focus your study where it is needed most.

Well-regarded for its level of detail, assessment features, and challenging review questions and exercises, this study guide helps you master the concepts and techniques that will allow you to succeed on the exam the first time. The study guide helps you master all the topics on both LPIC-2 exams, including:

• Capacity planning
• Managing the kernel
• Managing system startup
• Managing filesystems and devices
• Administering advanced storage devices
• Configuring the network
• Performing system maintenance
• Administering Domain Name Server (DNS)
• Configuring web services
• Administering file sharing
• Managing network clients
• Administering e-mail services
• Administering system security

Learn, prepare, and practice for LPIC-2 201-400 and 202-400 exam success with this Cert Guide from Pearson IT Certification, a leader in IT Certification.

• Master LPIC-2 Exam 201-400 and 202-400 exam topics
• Assess your knowledge with chapter-ending quizzes
• Review key concepts with exam preparation tasks
• Practice with realistic exam questions

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780789757142
Publisher:	Pearson IT Certification
Publication date:	06/15/2016
Series:	Certification Guide Series
Pages:	864
Sales rank:	361,559
Product dimensions:	7.80(w) x 9.30(h) x 1.90(d)

About the Author

William “Bo” Rothwell At the impressionable age of 14, Bo crossed paths with a TRS-80 Micro Computer System (affectionately known as a “Trash 80”). Soon after, the adults responsible for Bo made the mistake of leaving him alone with the TRS-80. He immediately dismantled it and held his first computer class, showing his friends what made this “computer thing” work.

Since that experience, Bo’s passion for understanding how computers work and sharing this knowledge with others has resulted in a rewarding career in IT training. His experience includes Linux, Unix, and programming languages such as Perl, Python, Tcl, and BASH. He is the founder and president of One Course Source, an IT training organization.

Table of Contents

Introduction xxiii

Part I : Capacity Planning

Chapter 1 Measuring and Troubleshooting Resource Usage 3

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 3

Foundation Topics 6

Monitoring Your System 6

CPU Monitoring 7

Basic CPU Load Information 7

Detailed CPU Load Information 7

Memory Monitoring 10

Basic Memory Usage Information 10

Detailed Memory Usage Information 11

Disk I/O Monitoring 12

Listing Open Files 14

Network I/O Monitoring 17

Additional Monitoring Tools 18

Listing Processes 18

Displaying User Activity 21

Exam Preparation Tasks 22

Review All Key Topics 22

Define Key Terms 23

Review Questions 23

Part II: Managing the Kernel

Chapter 2 Predict Future Resource Needs 27

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 27

Foundation Topics 29

The collectd Daemon 29

Configuring collectd 29

Installing collectd 31

Monitoring Solutions 33

Nagios 33

MRTG 33

Cacti 33

sar 34

Further Considerations 34

OK, Now What? 34

Exam Preparation Tasks 36

Review All Key Topics 36

Define Key Terms 36

Review Questions 36

Chapter 3 Kernel Components and Compiling 41

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 41

Foundation Topics 43

Kernel Components 43

Kernel Documentation 43

Tweaking the Kernel 44

Kernel Images 45

Compiling the Kernel 46

Cleaning the Kernel 47

Create the Configuration File 48

Compiling the Kernel 55

Additional Make Targets 57

Exam Preparation Tasks 58

Review All Key Topics 58

Define Key Terms 58

Review Questions 58

Chapter 4 Kernel Runtime Management and Troubleshooting 63

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 63

Foundation Topics 65

Kernel Modules 65

Module Files 65

Listing Modules That Are Loaded 67

Loading Modules into Memory 68

Unloading Modules from Memory 71

Listing Modules Information 71

The /proc/sys Filesystem 73

Module Aliases 76

Displaying Hardware Information 77

The lspci Command 77

The lsdev Command 81

The lsusb Command 82

The udev System 85

Exam Preparation Tasks 87

Review All Key Topics 87

Define Key Terms 87

Review Questions 88

Part III: Managing System Startup

Chapter 5 Customizing SysV-init System Startup 91

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 91

Foundation Topics 93

The SysV-init Process 93

Understanding Runlevels 93

The /etc/inittab File 94

Boot Scripts 98

The /etc/init.d directory 101

Modifying Runlevels 101

The update-rc.d Command 102

The chkconfig Command 103

Switching Runlevels 104

Exam Preparation Tasks 105

Review All Key Topics 105

Define Key Terms 105

Review Questions 105

Chapter 6 Administrating System Recovery 109

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 109

Foundation Topics 111

Understanding the Boot Process 111

The BIOS/UEFI Phase 111

The Boot loader Phase 111

The Kernel Phase 112

The Post-Kernel Phase 113

GRUB 113

Legacy GRUB Configuration 114

Changing Legacy GRUB During Boot 117

Booting to Single User Mode in Legacy GRUB 120

Securing Legacy GRUB 122

GRUB 2 Configuration 125

Saving GRUB 2 Changes 127

GRUB 2 Titles 127

Booting to Single User Mode in GRUB 2 128

Securing GRUB 2 128

Fixing Filesystems 130

Exam Preparation Tasks 131

Review All Key Topics 131

Define Key Terms 131

Review Questions 132

Chapter 7 Alternate Boot Loaders 135

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 135

Foundation Topics 137

LILO 137

Configuring LILO 137

Booting LILO 140

Booting to Single User Mode 141

Additional Boot loaders 143

Understanding SYSLINUX 143

Understanding EXTLINUX 144

Understanding ISOLINUX 144

Understanding PXELINUX 145

Exam Preparation Tasks 147

Review All Key Topics 147

Define Key Terms 147

Review Questions 148

Part IV: Managing Filesystem and Devices

Chapter 8 Operating the Linux Filesystem 151

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 151

Foundation Topics 153

Filesystem Essentials 153

Filesystem Types 154

The umount Command 155

The mount Command 155

Mounting Filesystems Manually 158

Problems Unmounting Filesystems 159

Mounting Filesystems Automatically 160

Device Descriptors 162

Mount Options 163

Swap Space 166

Exam Preparation Tasks 167

Review All Key Topics 167

Define Key Terms 168

Review Questions 168

Chapter 9 Maintaining a Linux Filesystem 171

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 171

Foundation Topics 173

Filesystems Essentials 173

The ext2 Filesystem 173

The ext3 Filesystem 173

The ext4 Filesystem 174

The xfs Filesystem 175

The Btrfs Filesystem 175

Creating Filesystems 175

ext-Based Filesystem Tools 179

fsck.* 179

dumpe2fs 179

tune2fs 182

debugfs 182

xfs-Based Filesystem Tools 184

xfsdump and xfsrestore 184

xfs_info 187

xfs_check and xfs_repair 188

Creating Swap Devices 189

Monitoring SMART Devices 190

Exam Preparation Tasks 191

Review All Key Topics 191

Define Key Terms 192

Review Questions 192

Chapter 10 Creating and Configuring Filesystem Options 195

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 195

Foundation Topics 197

Removable Media Filesystems 197

HFS–Hierarchical File System 197

ISO9660 197

UDF 198

Creating Removable Media Filesystems 198

Encrypted Filesystems 201

Managing autofs 204

Exam Preparation Tasks 207

Review All Key Topics 207

Key Terms 208

Review Questions 208

Part V: Administrating Advanced Storage Device

Chapter 11 Configuring RAID 211

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 211

Foundation Topics 213

RAID Fundamentals 213

RAID Levels 213

RAID Device–Entire Drive or Partition? 219

Create a RAID Device 221

Managing RAID Devices 224

Exam Preparation Tasks 226

Review All Key Topics 226

Define Key Terms 227

Review Questions 227

Chapter 12 Adjusting Storage Device Access 231

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 231

Foundation Topics 233

DMA, hdparm, and sdparm 233

The hdparm Command 234

The sdparm Command 236

System Resources 237

Kernel Parameters 239

iSCSI 241

Target Configuration 242

Initiator Configuration 244

Exam Preparation Tasks 248

Review All Key Topics 248

Define Key Terms 248

Review Questions 249

Chapter 13 Logical Volume Manager 253

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 253

Foundation Topics 255

Logical Volume Manager Concepts 255

Advantages of LVM on a System with a Single Drive 257

LVM Essentials 258

Extents 259

Logical Volumes 262

Device Naming 263

Using Logical Volumes and Additional LVM Commands 264

Displaying LVM Information 265

Additional LVM Commands 268

Resizing Logical Volumes 271

LVM Snapshots 274

Exam Preparation Tasks 277

Review All Key Topics 277

Define Key Terms 278

Review Questions 278

Part VI: Confi guring the Network

Chapter 14 Basic Network Configuration 281

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 281

Foundation Topics 283

Ethernet Network Interfaces 283

The arp Command 286

The route Command 287

The ip Command 288

Access to Wireless Networks 290

The iwconfig Command 290

The iwlist Command 291

Exam Preparation Tasks 294

Review All Key Topics 294

Define Key Terms 294

Review Questions 295

Chapter 15 Advanced Network Configuration and Troubleshooting 299

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 299

Foundation Topics 301

The ping and nmap Commands 301

The nmap Command 302

The netstat, nc, and lsof Commands 307

The lsof Command 310

The nc Command 312

The tcpdump Command 313

Exam Preparation Tasks 315

Review All Key Topics 315

Define Key Terms 315

Review Questions 315

Chapter 16 Troubleshooting Network Issues 319

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 319

Foundation Topics 321

Network Configuration Files 321

The /etc/resolv.conf File 321

The /etc/hosts File 323

The Local Hostname 325

The /etc/network/interfaces File 326

The /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts Files 327

Network Troubleshooting 328

Log Files and Tools 328

The traceroute Command 330

The /etc/hosts.allow and /etc/hosts.deny Files 333

Additional Network Troubleshooting Commands 336

NetworkManager 337

Exam Preparation Tasks 339

Review All Key Topics 339

Define Key Terms 340

Review Questions 340

Part VII: Performing System Maintenance

Chapter 17 Make and Install Programs from Source 343

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 343

Foundation Topics 345

Securing and Unpacking Source Code 345

Downloading Source Code on RPM-Based Systems 345

Downloading Source Code on Debian-Based Systems 347

Downloading Source Code from Original Source 348

Unpacking the Source Code 349

Building and Installing from Source Code 350

Applying Patches 353

Exam Preparation Tasks 354

Review All Key Topics 354

Define Key Terms 355

Review Questions 355

Chapter 18 Backup Operations 359

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 359

Foundation Topics 361

Backup Strategy 361

What Needs to Be Backed Up? 361

How Often? 364

Full or Incremental? 364

Where Will the Backup Be Stored? 367

What Backup Tool Will Be Used? 367

Standard Backup Utilities 368

The dd Command 368

The tar Command 369

The rsync Command 373

Third-Party Backup Utilities 374

Amanda 374

Bacula 374

BackupPC 374

Exam Preparation Tasks 375

Review All Key Topics 375

Define Key Terms 375

Review Questions 375

Chapter 19 Notify Users on System-Related Issues 379

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 379

Foundation Topics 381

Pre- and Post-Login Messages 381

The /etc/issue File 381

The /etc/issue.net File 383

Additional Pre-Login Messages 385

The /etc/motd File 386

Broadcasting Messages 387

The wall Command 387

The shutdown Command 389

Exam Preparation Tasks 391

Review All Key Topics 391

Define Key Terms 391

Review Questions 391

Part VIII: Administrating Domain Name Server

Chapter 20 Basic DNS Server Configuration 395

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 395

Foundation Topics 397

DNS Essentials 397

Essential Terms 397

How Name Resolution Works 399

Basic BIND Configuration 403

The /etc/named.conf file 403

The allow-query Setting 406

Additional /etc/named.conf Settings 407

Essential BIND Commands 408

The rndc Command 408

The dig and host Commands 411

Exam Preparation Tasks 413

Review All Key Topics 413

Define Key Terms 413

Review Questions 414

Chapter 21 Create and Maintain DNS Zones 417

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 417

Foundation Topics 419

Zone Files 419

Zone File Basics 419

Zone File Entries in the /etc/named.conf File 420

Zone File Syntax 421

Zone Record Types 423

The SOA Record Type 423

The Address Record Type 425

The Canonical Name Type 425

The Name Server Record Type 426

The Mail eXchange Record Type 426

The PoinTeR Record Type 427

Putting It All Together 427

Testing the DNS Server 431

The dig Command 432

The nslookup and host Commands 433

Exam Preparation Tasks 434

Review All Key Topics 434

Define Key Terms 434

Review Questions 434

Chapter 22 Securing a DNS Server 439

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 439

Foundation Topics 441

Send BIND to Jail 441

Create the chroot Directory and Files 442

Configure Named to Started in the Jail 443

Split BIND Configuration 443

Transaction Signatures 446

The dnssec-keygen Command 447

The dnssec-signzone Command 448

Exam Preparation Tasks 449

Review All Key Topics 449

Define Key Terms 449

Review Questions 450

Part IX: Confi guring Web Services

Chapter 23 Implementing a Web Server 453

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 453

Foundation Topics 455

Basic Apache Web Server Configuration 456

Starting the Apache Web Server 457

Apache Web Server Log Files 458

Enable Scripting 459

Apache Web Server Security 463

Essential Settings 463

User Authentication 465

Virtual Hosts 466

Configuring IP-Based Virtual Hosts 466

Configuring Name-Based Virtual Hosts 467

Exam Preparation Tasks 468

Review All Key Topics 468

Define Key Terms 468

Review Questions 468

Chapter 24 Apache Configuration for HTTPS 473

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 473

Foundation Topics 475

SSL Essentials 475

SSL Issues 476

Self-Signing 477

SSL and Apache 477

SSL Server Certificate 478

Apache SSL Directives 484

Exam Preparation Tasks 486

Review All Key Topics 486

Define Key Terms 486

Review Questions 486

Chapter 25 Implementing a Proxy Server 489

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 489

Foundation Topics 491

Squid Basics 493

Squid Access Rules 494

Built-In acls 496

Understanding the Squid Rules 496

Nginx Configuration 497

Client Configuration 500

Exam Preparation Tasks 504

Review All Key Topics 504

Define Key Terms 504

Review Questions 504

Part X: Administrating File Sharing

Chapter 26 SAMBA Server Configuration 507

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 507

Foundation Topics 509

SAMBA Configuration 510

The [global] Section 511

The [homes] Section 512

The [printers] Section 513

Custom Shares 514

SAMBA Server 515

SAMBA Accounts 516

Mapping Local Accounts 517

Accessing SAMBA Servers 518

Mounting SAMBA Shares 520

Exam Preparation Tasks 521

Review All Key Topics 521

Define Key Terms 522

Review Questions 522

Chapter 27 NFS Server Configuration 525

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 525

Foundation Topics 527

Configuring an NFS Server 527

The /etc/exports File 527

User ID Mapping 529

NFS Server Processes 530

Understanding portmap 531

NFS Server Commands 533

Configuring an NFS Client 534

Review All Key Topics 536

Define Key Terms 537

Review Questions 537

Part XI: Managing Network Clients

Chapter 28 DHCP Configuration 541

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 541

Foundation Topics 543

DHCP Configuration Basics 543

The ddns-update-style and Ignore client-updates Directives 545

The Subnet Directive 545

Configuring Static Hosts 547

Configuring BOOTP Hosts 547

DHCP Log Files 548

Configuring a DHCP Relay Agent 549

Exam Preparation Tasks 550

Review All Key Topics 550

Define Key Terms 550

Review Questions 550

Chapter 29 PAM Authentication 555

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 555

Foundation Topics 557

PAM Configuration Basics 557

PAM Types 559

Control Values 562

PAM Modules 564

The pam_unix Module 565

The pam_cracklib Module 565

The pam_limits Module 566

The pam_listfile Module 568

Exam Preparation Tasks 569

Review All Key Topics 569

Define Key Terms 569

Review Questions 569

Chapter 30 Configuring an OpenLDAP Server 573

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 573

Foundation Topics 576

Key LDAP Terms 576

The slapd.conf File 579

Customize Your LDAP Domain 579

Configuring Logging 581

Configuring the Database Directory 582

Starting the LDAP Server 582

OpenLDAP Objects 584

OpenLDAP Schemas 584

OpenLDAP Database Changes 586

Exam Preparation Tasks 589

Review All Key Topics 589

Define Key Terms 589

Review Questions 590

Chapter 31 LDAP Client Usage 593

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 593

Foundation Topics 595

Using the ldapdelete Command 596

Using the ldapsearch Command 597

Using the ldappasswd Command 600

Exam Preparation Tasks 601

Review All Key Topics 601

Review Questions 601

Part XII: Administrating E-Mail Services

Chapter 32 Using E-mail Servers 605

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 605

Foundation Topics 607

SMTP Basics 607

Configuring Postfix 609

Postfix Configuration File 610

Important Postfix Settings 611

Aliases 612

Postfix Virtual Domains 614

sendmail and exim 614

Monitoring E-mail Servers 616

Exam Preparation Tasks 617

Review All Key Topics 617

Define Key Terms 617

Review Questions 618

Chapter 33 Managing Local E-mail Delivery 621

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 621

Foundation Topics 623

procmail Basics 623

procmail Rules 625

mbox and Maildir Formats 628

Exam Preparation Tasks 629

Review All Key Topics 629

Define Key Terms 629

Review Questions 630

Chapter 34 Managing Remote E-mail Delivery 633

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 633

Foundation Topics 635

IMAP and POP Essentials 635

The Courier Server 636

The /etc/courier/authdaemonrc File 638

The /etc/courier/imapd File 638

The /etc/courier/pop3d File 639

The Dovecot Server 639

Exam Preparation Tasks 643

Review All Key Topics 643

Define Key Terms 644

Review Questions 644

Part XIII: Administrating System Security

Chapter 35 Configuring a Router 647

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 647

Foundation Topics 649

Firewall Essentials 649

Targets 653

iptables Examples 653

rothwell.indb xviii 4/22/16 9:09 AM

Contents xix

Saving the Rules 656

Advanced iptables Features 657

Private Networks and NAT 658

Exam Preparation Tasks 659

Review All Key Topics 659

Define Key Terms 659

Review Questions 660

Chapter 36 Securing FTP Servers 663

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 663

Foundation Topics 665

Configuring vsftpd 665

Anonymous FTP 665

Limiting User Accounts 667

Additional Settings 669

Configuring Pure-FTPd 670

ProFTPd 670

Active versus Passive Mode 671

Exam Preparation Tasks 674

Review All Key Topics 674

Define Key Terms 674

Review Questions 675

Chapter 37 Secure Shell (SSH) 679

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 679

Foundation Topics 681

Configuring the Secure Shell Server 681

Basic Configuration Settings 681

Settings That Affect User Access 682

Secure Shell Client Commands 684

The ssh_config File 684

The ssh Command 685

The scp and sftp Commands 687

Advanced SSH Features 687

Passwordless Login 688

Exam Preparation Tasks 690

Review All Key Topics 690

Review Questions 690

Chapter 38 Security Tasks and OpenVPN 693

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 693

Foundation Topics 695

Security Tools 695

fail2ban 696

OpenVAS and Snort 698

Security Alert Services 698

OpenVPN 699

CA Setup 700

Create VPN Server Certificate 701

Create VPN Client Certificate 703

Basic Server Setup 705

Basic Client Setup 706

Exam Preparation Tasks 709

Review All Key Topics 709

Define Key Terms 709

Review Questions 710

Part XIV: Exam Preparation

Chapter 39 Final Preparation 713

Foundation Topics 714

How to Prepare for the LPI Exams 714

Exam Objectives 714

Important Exam Facts 714

Right Before Your Exam Starts 714

How to Look at the Objectives 715

Studying for the Exams–What to Do 717

Machines or Virtual Machines? 717

Studying for the Exams–What Not to Do 718

LPI Certifications and Distributions 718

You Have to Install Something 719

LPI Exam Question Types 719

Single Answer Multiple Choice 720

Choose Multiple 721

Choose All That Apply 721

Fill-in-the-Blank 722

Final Recommendations 724

Summary 724

Glossary 727

Appendix A Answers to “Do I Know This Already?” Quizzes and Review Questions 739

Appendix B LPIC-2 Exam Updates 773

TOC, 9780789757142, 4/22/2016