| Preface | vii |
| Acknowledgements | viii |
| 1 | Interaction of microwaves with different materials | 1 |
| 2 | Microwave effect vs. thermal effect | 13 |
| 2.1 | Thermal activation during microwave irradiation | 14 |
| 2.2 | Non-thermal activation during microwave irradiation | 16 |
| 3 | Microwave equipment | 23 |
| 3.1 | Microwave generators | 23 |
| 3.2 | Transmission lines (waveguides) | 25 |
| 3.3 | Microwave applicators (cavities) | 26 |
| 3.4 | Microwave reactors | 29 |
| 3.5 | Temperature monitoring | 32 |
| 4 | Reaction vessels and glassware | 33 |
| 5 | Techniques for conducting chemical reactions under microwave irradiation | 39 |
| 6 | Safety precautions on the application of microwaves in laboratory | 43 |
| 7 | Reactions under microwave conditions | 47 |
| 7.1 | Reactions in homogenous media and solvent | 47 |
| 7.1.1 | 2,6-Dimethyl-4-phenyl-1,4-dihydro-pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester | 47 |
| 7.1.2 | 6-Methyl-2-oxo-4-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 49 |
| 7.1.3 | Biphenyl | 50 |
| 7.1.4 | 1-Nitro-4-phenylethynyl-benzene | 52 |
| 7.1.5 | 3-(4-Nitro-phenyl)-acrylic acid ethyl ester | 53 |
| 7.1.6 | 2-Carbazol-9-yl-ethanol | 55 |
| 7.1.7 | 2-Imidazol-1-yl-ethanol | 56 |
| 7.1.8 | Pyridine N-oxide | 58 |
| 7.1.9 | Cyclohexanon | 59 |
| 7.1.10 | 4-Iodo-N,N-dimethylaniline | 61 |
| 7.1.11 | 2-Iodo-4-nitroaniline | 62 |
| 7.1.12 | 3-Bromocarbazole | 64 |
| 7.1.13 | 3,6-Dichlorocarbazole | 65 |
| 7.1.14 | 3-Iodocarbazole | 66 |
| 7.1.15 | 1,1'-Bi-2-naphthol | 68 |
| 7.1.16 | 9,10-Dihydroanthraceno-9,10-[alpha],[beta]-succinic anhydride | 69 |
| 7.1.17 | 2,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde | 71 |
| 7.1.18 | 4-Diethylaminosalicylaldehyde | 72 |
| 7.1.19 | 9-(2-Chloroethyl)carbazole-3-carbaldehyde | 74 |
| 7.1.20 | 8-Hydroxy-1,1,7,7-tetramethyljulolidine -9-carboxaldehyde | 75 |
| 7.1.21 | 7-Diethylamino-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylic acid | 77 |
| 7.1.22 | 1-Iododecane | 78 |
| 7.2 | Reactions of reagents supported on mineral supports | 80 |
| 7.2.1 | Diphenylbutadiyne | 80 |
| 7.2.2 | 2,4,5-Triphenylimidazole | 81 |
| 7.2.3 | 1-(4-Nitro-phenyl)-piperidine | 82 |
| 7.2.4 | 2-Nitro-1-phenyl-propan-1-ol | 83 |
| 7.2.5 | Phenyl-[1-phenyl-methylidene]amine | 85 |
| 7.2.6 | N,N-Diphenylacetamide | 86 |
| 7.2.7 | Dibenzyl-(3-phenyl-prop-2-ynyl)amine | 87 |
| 7.2.8 | 1,2-Diphenyl-ethane-1,2-dione (benzil) | 89 |
| 7.2.9 | 3-Methyl-2-propyl-1H-indole | 90 |
| 7.2.10 | Azepan-2-one ([epsilon]-caprolactam) | 91 |
| 7.2.11 | Octyl acetate | 92 |
| 7.2.12 | Octanal | 93 |
| 7.2.13 | Octan-2-one | 94 |
| 7.2.14 | Anthraquinone | 95 |
| 7.2.15 | 9-Fluorenone | 96 |
| 7.2.16 | 2-(4-Nitrophenyl)-6-phenoxyhexanoic acid ethyl ester | 97 |
| 7.2.17 | 2-(4-Nitrophenyl)-10-phenylsulfanyl-decanoic acid ethyl ester | 99 |
| 7.2.18 | 1-Phenethylindole-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 100 |
| 7.2.19 | 5-Phenyl-2-((1-phenylmethylidene)amino)pentanoic acid methyl ester | 102 |
| 7.2.20 | N-Benzylphenylacetamide | 103 |
| 7.3 | Solvent-free phase transfer catalysis (PTC) reactions | 105 |
| 7.3.1 | trans-1,2-Diphenylethylene (trans-stilbene) | 105 |
| 7.3.2 | 1-Phenyl-naphthalene | 106 |
| 7.3.3 | Benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 108 |
| 7.3.4 | 6-Diethylamino-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 109 |
| 7.3.5 | Naphtho[2,1-b]furan-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 110 |
| 7.3.6 | Dioctyl ether | 112 |
| 7.3.7 | Octanoic acid | 113 |
| 7.3.8 | Octan-2-one | 115 |
| 7.3.9 | 3-Hydroxymethylheptan-4-one | 116 |
| 7.3.10 | 1,2-Epoxydodecene | 117 |
| 7.3.11 | 1-Octyl-azepan-2-one (N-Octylcaprolactam) | 119 |
| 7.3.12 | N-Benzyl-N-phenylbenzamide | 120 |
| 7.3.13 | N-Butylphthalimide | 122 |
| 7.3.14 | Benzylphenyl ether | 123 |
| 7.3.15 | N-Butylcarbazole | 124 |
| 7.3.16 | N-(2,3-Epoxypropyl)carbazole | 126 |
| 7.3.17 | 1-Benzylimidazole | 128 |
| 7.3.18 | D-sorbitol 1,4:3,6-dianhydro,2,5-di-O,O-benzyl | 129 |
| 7.3.19 | D-sorbitol 1,4:3,6-dianhydro,2,5-di-O,O-octyl | 131 |
| 7.3.20 | 1,12-Bis(furan-2-ylmethoxy)dodecane | 133 |
| 7.3.21 | Dioctyl terephthalate | 135 |
| 7.4 | Reactions of neat reagents | 137 |
| 7.4.1 | 7,7-Dimethyl-4-phenyl-4,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1H,3H-quinoline-2,5-dione | 137 |
| 7.4.2 | N-Benzyl-phthalimide | 138 |
| 7.4.3 | N-Phthaloylglycine | 139 |
| 7.4.4 | 3H-Quinazolin-4-one | 140 |
| 7.4.5 | 1-Benzyl-2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole | 141 |
| 7.4.6 | (E)-1,3-Diphenyl-propenone (chalcone) | 142 |
| 7.4.7 | [beta]-Nitrostyrene | 143 |
| 7.4.8 | Phenyl-[1-phenyl-methylidene]amine | 144 |
| 7.4.9 | 2-Oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 146 |
| 7.4.10 | 7-Diethylamino-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 147 |
| 7.4.11 | Benzyl-[1-phenyl-ethylidene]-amine | 148 |
| 7.4.12 | trans-1,2-Diphenylethylene (trans-stilbene) | 149 |
| 7.4.13 | 2-Benzylidene-malononitrile | 150 |
| 7.4.14 | Diethyl benzylidenemalonate | 151 |
| 7.4.15 | (4-Methoxy-naphthalen-1-yl)-phenyl-methanone | 152 |
| 7.4.16 | 2-Methyl-6-oxo-4-phenyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 154 |
| 7.4.17 | 2-Oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylic acid | 155 |
| 7.4.18 | Bromocyclohexane | 156 |
| 7.4.19 | 1-(4-Nitro-phenyl)-piperidine | 157 |
| 7.4.20 | 2-Acetoxy-benzoic acid (aspirine) | 158 |
| 7.4.21 | 4-Methylacetophenone | 160 |
| 7.4.22 | 3-[1-Phenyl-methylidene]-3H-isobenzofuran-1-one | 161 |
| 7.4.23 | Phthalocyanine | 162 |
| 7.4.24 | Phthalocyanine | 163 |
| 7.4.25 | trans-9,10-Dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester | 165 |
| 7.5 | Polymerization reactions | 167 |
| 7.5.1 | Poly(methyl methacrylate) | 167 |
| 7.5.2 | Poly(butyl acrylate) | 168 |
| 7.5.3 | Poly(isooctyl acrylate) | 170 |
| 7.5.4 | Poly(9-vinylcarbazole) | 171 |
| 7.5.5 | Poly(2-(9-carbazolylethyl methacrylate) | 173 |
| 7.5.6 | Polystyrene | 174 |
| 7.5.7 | High molecular weight (solid) epoxy resins - bisphenol A | 176 |
| 7.5.8 | High molecular weight (solid) epoxy resins - 1,1'-Bi-2-naphthol | 178 |
| 7.5.9 | Unsaturated polyester resin - polycondensation | 180 |
| 7.5.10 | Unsaturated polyester resin - polyaddition | 182 |
| 7.5.11 | Polyethers | 184 |
| 7.5.12 | Phosphorylation of cellulose | 185 |
| 7.5.13 | Polyphosphazene | 187 |
| 7.5.14 | Poly(aspartic acid) | 189 |
| Index | 199 |
