Networks of Innovation: Change and Meaning in the Age of the Internet / Edition 1

by Ilkka Tuomi

Overview

Tuomi is currently with the European Commission's Joint Research Centre in Seville. He says that the Internet has been used to distribute work and its results from its very beginning, and by so doing has cast the division of labor into a new dimension. He traces the history of innovation achieved through the Internet, balancing general conceptual arguments and detailed in-depth case studies. Annotation (c)2003 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780199256983
Publisher:	Oxford University Press, USA
Publication date:	11/28/2002
Edition description:	New Edition
Pages:	264
Product dimensions:	9.20(w) x 6.30(h) x 0.90(d)

About the Author

Meaning Processing Ltd.

Table of Contents

	List of Figures	ix
	List of Tables	xi
1.	Introduction	1
2.	Innovation as Multifocal Development of Social Practice	8
2.1	Putting the User in Focus	10
2.2	Use as Meaningful Practice	11
2.3	Production as an End	14
2.4	Investment and Invention of Meaning	15
2.5	Community as the Locus of Practice	19
2.6	Interpretative Flexibility and Ecology of Social Practices	21
2.7	Social Drivers of Innovation	23
2.8	Individual Exploration	25
2.9	Spaces of Novelty	26
2.10	Dynamics of Networked Innovation Spaces	29
3.	Inventing the Web	36
3.1	The First WorldWideWeb Proposal	38
3.2	State of the Art: KMS	41
3.3	Architecture of the WorldWideWeb	43
3.4	Mobilizing Resources	45
3.5	The Vision of Xanadu	48
3.6	Sources of Success	50
4.	The Making of the Internet	54
4.1	Laying the Infrastructure	55
4.2	Networking the World	57
4.3	Competing Technologies	61
4.4	Message-packets and Resilient Networks: Innovation at RAND	65
4.5	Time-sharing and Network Society: Work at NPL	71
4.6	Interactive Computing: Augmenting the Human Mind	77
4.7	Time-sharing and On-line Communities	85
4.8	IPTO: Translating Ideas into Money and Technology	87
5.	Analysis of the Early Phase of Internet Development	93
5.1	Technological Frames	94
5.2	Resource Mobility in the Early Phases of Internet History	101
6.	Socio-Cognitive Spaces of Innovation and Meaning Creation	105
6.1	Thought Collectives	108
6.2	Speech Genre and Chronotope	112
6.3	Communities of Practice	114
6.4	Social Learning in Communities of Practice	115
6.5	The Concept of ba	117
7.	Breaking through a Technological Frame	122
7.1	Two Evolutionary Paths of Communities	127
7.2	Development of Specialization, Division of Labour, and New Technological Frames	128
7.3	Combinatorial Innovation in an Ecology of Communities	130
7.4	Layered ba and Combinatorial Innovation	134
8.	Combination and Specialization in the Evolution of the Internet	138
8.1	Email as a Combinatorial Innovation	138
8.2	ARPANET Ecology and the Evolution of the Network Working Group	142
9.	Retrospection and Attribution in the History of Arpanet and the Internet	153
9.1	The First Paper on Packet-switching Theory	155
9.2	Reconstructing the Internet	157
10.	Learning from Linux	162
10.1	The Evolution of Linux	163
10.2	The Linux Developer Community	169
10.3	Sedimentation, Translation, and Reduction of Complexity	182
10.4	Quality Control, Linus's Law, and the Ecology of Bugs	187
10.5	Rules, Regulations, and Intellectual Property	194
10.6	Developer Incentives and Resource Allocation	201
11.	Concluding Remarks	209
11.1	Linux as Modern Economy	209
11.2	The Hierarchy of Innovation	215
11.3	The New Economy	216
11.4	The Road Ahead	219
	References	221
	Name Index	235
	Subject Index	239

Editorial Reviews

"[Tuomi] traces the history of innovation achieved through the Internet, balancing general conceptual arguments and detailed in-depth case studies."—SciTech Book News

From the Publisher