Never Look Back: The Jewish Refugee Children in Great Britain, 1938-1945

by Judith Baumel-Schwartz

Overview

Between December 1938 and September 1939, nearly ten thousand refugee children from Central Europe, mostly Jewish, found refuge from Nazism in Great Britain. This was known as the Kindertransport movement, in which the children entered as transmigrants, planning to return to Europe once the Nazis lost power. In practice, most of the kinder, as they called themselves, remained in Britain, eventually becoming citizens. This book charts the history of the Kindertransport movement, focusing on the dynamics that developed between the British government, the child refugee organizations, the Jewish community in Great Britain, the general British population, and the refugee children.After an analysis of the decision to allow the children entry and the machinery of rescue established to facilitate its implementation, the book follows the young refugees from their European homes to their resettlement in Britain either with foster families or in refugee hostels. Evacuated from the cities with hundreds of thousands of British children, they soon found themselves in the countryside with new foster families, who often had no idea how to deal with refugee children barely able to understand English.Members of particular refugee children's groups receive special attention: participants in the Youth Aliyah movement, who immigrated to the United States during the war to reunite with their families; those designated as Friendly Enemy Aliens at the war's outbreak, who were later deported to Australia and Canada; and Orthodox refugee children, who faced unique challenges attempting to maintain religious observance when placed with Gentile foster families who at times even attempted to convert them. Based on archival sources and follow-up interviews with refugee children both forty and seventy years after their flight to Britain, this book gives a unique perspective into the political, bureaucratic, and human aspects of the Kindertransport scheme prior to and during World War II.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781557536129
Publisher:	Purdue University Press
Publication date:	06/15/2012
Series:	Shofar Supplements in Jewish Studies Series , #10
Pages:	328
Product dimensions:	5.90(w) x 8.90(h) x 0.70(d)

About the Author

Judy Tydor Baumel-Schwartz is the chair of the Graduate Program in Contemporary Jewry and associate professor at the Israel and Golda Koschitsky Jewish History Department at Bar-Ilan University in Ramat-Gan, Israel. She is the author of numerous books and articles, and she specializes in topics pertaining to the Holocaust, gender, memory, the State of Israel, and commemoration. Among her books are Unfulfilled Promise (Denali 1990), Kibbutz Buchenwald: Survivors and Pioneers (Rutgers 1997), Double Jeopardy: Gender and the Holocaust (Vallentine Mitchell 1998), and Perfect Heroes: The World War II Parachutists and the Making of Collective Israeli Memory (University of Wisconsin Press 2010). She is associate editor with Walter Laqueur of The Holocaust Encyclopedia (Yale University Press 2001).

Table of Contents

Preface ix

1 Introduction, Rationale, and Sources 1

Part 1 January 1933-August 1939: The Prewar Hitler Era

2 Laying the Foundations: British Jewry and Refugee Organizations, 1933-38 23

3 The Turning Point: Kristallnacht 49

4 Machinery 73

5 Immigration and Resettlement 101

6 Children and Youth Aliyah 137

Part 2 The War Years

7 War and Evacuation 155

8 Internment and Deportation 181

9 The Guardianship 199

10 Epilogue and Memory 217

Timeline 247

Glossary 249

Discussion Questions 253

Bibliography 255

Index 277

What People are Saying About This

From the Publisher

CHOICE - January 2013
Baumel-Schwa1iz, Judith Tydor. Never lool\ back: the Jewish refugee children in Great Britain, 1938-1945. Purdue,2012. 286p bib! index afp ISBN 9781557536129 pbk, $39.95; ISBN 9781612492223 e-book, contact publisher for price When Baumel-Schwa1iz began researching this book over 30 years ago (as a master's thesis), the details of the Kindertransports, which saved thousands of Jewish children from the Nazis, were barely known. Her extensively revised book appears at a time when the broad story of the Kindertransports has been more fully integrated into the general historiography about both children in the Holocaust and the refugee experience. Baumel-Schwartz has utilized most of the new research (although, curiously, not  much of the new historiography on the war itself) to present a compelling, three-dimensional picture of the origins, organization, logistics, and, in some cases, fates of those involved in those tumultuous years. In addition to examining the experience of the refugees, she considers the motivations of the Jews and Gentiles who ran the British refugee organizations, asking the oft-overlooked question: why did some people decide to help when many others remained passive observers? For example, many of the upper-class women who ran refugee organizations were inspired by a Victorian sense of philanthropy and social obligation. The author effectively integrates the stories of the refugee children into her narrative. Summing Up: Recommended. All levels/libraries. —F. Krome, University of Cincinnati—Clermont College

Editorial Reviews

CHOICE - January 2013
Baumel-Schwa1iz, Judith Tydor. Never lool\ back: the Jewish refugee children in Great Britain, 1938-1945. Purdue,2012. 286p bib! index afp ISBN 9781557536129 pbk, $39.95; ISBN 9781612492223 e-book, contact publisher for price
When Baumel-Schwa1iz began researching this book over 30 years ago (as a master's thesis), the details of the Kindertransports, which saved thousands of Jewish children from the Nazis, were barely known. Her extensively revised book appears at a time when the broad story of the Kindertransports has been more fully integrated into the general historiography about both children in the Holocaust and the refugee experience. Baumel-Schwartz has utilized most of the new research (although, curiously, not  much of the new historiography on the war itself) to present a compelling, three-dimensional picture of the origins, organization, logistics, and, in some cases, fates of those involved in those tumultuous years. In addition to examining the experience of the refugees, she considers the motivations of the Jews and Gentiles who ran the British refugee organizations, asking the oft-overlooked question: why did some people decide to help when many others remained passive observers? For example, many of the
upper-class women who ran refugee organizations were inspired by a Victorian sense of philanthropy and social obligation. The author effectively integrates the stories of the refugee children into her narrative. Summing Up: Recommended. All levels/libraries. --F. Krome, University of Cincinnati--Clermont College

From the Publisher