On China

In this sweeping and insightful history, Henry Kissinger turns for the first time at book-length to a country he has known intimately for decades, and whose modern relations with the West he helped shape. Drawing on historical records as well as his conversations with Chinese leaders over the past forty years, Kissinger examines how China has approached diplomacy, strategy, and negotiation throughout its history, and reflects on the consequences for the global balance of power in the 21st century.

Since no other country can claim a more powerful link to its ancient past and classical principles, any attempt to understand China's future world role must begin with an appreciation of its long history. For centuries, China rarely encountered other societies of comparable size and sophistication; it was the "Middle Kingdom," treating the peoples on its periphery as vassal states. At the same time, Chinese statesmen-facing threats of invasion from without, and the contests of competing factions within-developed a canon of strategic thought that prized the virtues of subtlety, patience, and indirection over feats of martial prowess.

In On China, Kissinger examines key episodes in Chinese foreign policy from the classical era to the present day, with a particular emphasis on the decades since the rise of Mao Zedong. He illuminates the inner workings of Chinese diplomacy during such pivotal events as the initial encounters between China and modern European powers, the formation and breakdown of the Sino-Soviet alliance, the Korean War, Richard Nixon's historic trip to Beijing, and three crises in the Taiwan Straits. Drawing on his extensive personal experience with four generation of Chinese leaders, he brings to life towering figures such as Mao, Zhou Enlai, and Deng Xiaoping, revealing how their different visions have shaped China's modern destiny.

With his singular vantage on U.S.-China relations, Kissinger traces the evolution of this fraught but crucial relationship over the past 60 years, following its dramatic course from estrangement to strategic partnership to economic interdependence, and toward an uncertain future. With a final chapter on the emerging superpower's 21st-century world role, On China provides an intimate historical perspective on Chinese foreign affairs from one of the premier statesmen of the 20th century.

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On China

In this sweeping and insightful history, Henry Kissinger turns for the first time at book-length to a country he has known intimately for decades, and whose modern relations with the West he helped shape. Drawing on historical records as well as his conversations with Chinese leaders over the past forty years, Kissinger examines how China has approached diplomacy, strategy, and negotiation throughout its history, and reflects on the consequences for the global balance of power in the 21st century.

Since no other country can claim a more powerful link to its ancient past and classical principles, any attempt to understand China's future world role must begin with an appreciation of its long history. For centuries, China rarely encountered other societies of comparable size and sophistication; it was the "Middle Kingdom," treating the peoples on its periphery as vassal states. At the same time, Chinese statesmen-facing threats of invasion from without, and the contests of competing factions within-developed a canon of strategic thought that prized the virtues of subtlety, patience, and indirection over feats of martial prowess.

In On China, Kissinger examines key episodes in Chinese foreign policy from the classical era to the present day, with a particular emphasis on the decades since the rise of Mao Zedong. He illuminates the inner workings of Chinese diplomacy during such pivotal events as the initial encounters between China and modern European powers, the formation and breakdown of the Sino-Soviet alliance, the Korean War, Richard Nixon's historic trip to Beijing, and three crises in the Taiwan Straits. Drawing on his extensive personal experience with four generation of Chinese leaders, he brings to life towering figures such as Mao, Zhou Enlai, and Deng Xiaoping, revealing how their different visions have shaped China's modern destiny.

With his singular vantage on U.S.-China relations, Kissinger traces the evolution of this fraught but crucial relationship over the past 60 years, following its dramatic course from estrangement to strategic partnership to economic interdependence, and toward an uncertain future. With a final chapter on the emerging superpower's 21st-century world role, On China provides an intimate historical perspective on Chinese foreign affairs from one of the premier statesmen of the 20th century.

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On China

On China

by Henry Kissinger
On China

On China

by Henry Kissinger

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Overview

In this sweeping and insightful history, Henry Kissinger turns for the first time at book-length to a country he has known intimately for decades, and whose modern relations with the West he helped shape. Drawing on historical records as well as his conversations with Chinese leaders over the past forty years, Kissinger examines how China has approached diplomacy, strategy, and negotiation throughout its history, and reflects on the consequences for the global balance of power in the 21st century.

Since no other country can claim a more powerful link to its ancient past and classical principles, any attempt to understand China's future world role must begin with an appreciation of its long history. For centuries, China rarely encountered other societies of comparable size and sophistication; it was the "Middle Kingdom," treating the peoples on its periphery as vassal states. At the same time, Chinese statesmen-facing threats of invasion from without, and the contests of competing factions within-developed a canon of strategic thought that prized the virtues of subtlety, patience, and indirection over feats of martial prowess.

In On China, Kissinger examines key episodes in Chinese foreign policy from the classical era to the present day, with a particular emphasis on the decades since the rise of Mao Zedong. He illuminates the inner workings of Chinese diplomacy during such pivotal events as the initial encounters between China and modern European powers, the formation and breakdown of the Sino-Soviet alliance, the Korean War, Richard Nixon's historic trip to Beijing, and three crises in the Taiwan Straits. Drawing on his extensive personal experience with four generation of Chinese leaders, he brings to life towering figures such as Mao, Zhou Enlai, and Deng Xiaoping, revealing how their different visions have shaped China's modern destiny.

With his singular vantage on U.S.-China relations, Kissinger traces the evolution of this fraught but crucial relationship over the past 60 years, following its dramatic course from estrangement to strategic partnership to economic interdependence, and toward an uncertain future. With a final chapter on the emerging superpower's 21st-century world role, On China provides an intimate historical perspective on Chinese foreign affairs from one of the premier statesmen of the 20th century.


Product Details

ISBN-13: 9780143121312
Publisher: Penguin Publishing Group
Publication date: 04/24/2012
Edition description: Reprint
Pages: 624
Sales rank: 41,563
Product dimensions: 5.40(w) x 8.40(h) x 1.50(d)
Age Range: 18 Years

About the Author

HENRY KISSINGER served as National Security Advisor and then Secretary of State under Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford and has advised many other American presidents on foreign policy. He received the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize, the Presidential Medal of Freedom, and the Medal of Liberty, among other awards. He is the author of numerous books on foreign policy and diplomacy and is currently the chairman of Kissinger Associates, Inc., an international consulting firm.

Table of Contents

Preface xv

Note on Chinese Spellings xix

Prologue 1

Chapter 1 The Singularity of China 5

The Era of Chinese Preeminence 8

Confucianism 13

Concepts of International Relations: Impartiality or Equality? 16

Chinese Realpolitik and Sun Tzu's Art of War 22

Chapter 2 The Kowtow Question and the Opium War 33

The Macartney Mission 35

The Clash of Two World Orders: The Opium War 45

Qiying's Diplomacy: Soothing the Barbarians 51

Chapter 3 From Preeminence to Decline 57

Wei Yuan's Blueprint: "Using Barbarians Against Barbarians," Learning Their Techniques 60

The Erosion of Authority: Domestic Upheavals and the Challenge of Foreign Encroachments 64

Managing Decline 69

The Challenge of Japan 77

Korea 80

The Boxer Uprising and the New Era of Warring States 86

Chapter 4 Mao's Continuous Revolution 91

Mao and the Great Harmony 92

Mao and International Relations: The Empty City Stratagem, Chinese Deterrence, and the Quest for Psychological Advantage 97

The Continuous Revolution and the Chinese People 106

Chapter 5 Triangular Diplomacy and the Korean War 113

Acheson and the Lure of Chinese Titoism 118

Kim Il-sung and the Outbreak of War 122

American Intervention: Resisting Aggression 129

Chinese Reactions: Another Approach to Deterrence 133

Sino-American Confrontation 143

Chapter 6 China Confronts Both Superpowers 148

The First Taiwan Strait Crisis 151

Diplomatic Interlude with the United States 158

Mao, Khrushchev, and the Sino-Soviet Split 161

The Second Taiwan Strait Crisis 172

Chapter 7 A Decade of Crises 181

The Great Leap Forward 181

The Himalayan Border Dispute and the 1962 Sino-Indian War 184

The Cultural Revolution 192

Was There a Lost Opportunity? 197

Chapter 8 The Road to Reconciliation 202

The Chinese Strategy 203

The American Strategy 213

First Steps-Clashes at the Ussuri River 215

Chapter 9 Resumption of Relations: First Encounters with Mao and Zhou 236

Zhou Enlai 241

Nixon in China: The Meeting with Mao 255

The Nixon-Zhou Dialogue 262

The Shanghai Communiqué 267

The Aftermath 273

Chapter 10 The Quasi-Alliance: Conversations with Mao 275

The "Horizontal Line": Chinese Approaches to Containment 277

The Impact of Watergate 292

Chapter 11 The End of the Mao Era 294

The Succession Crisis 294

The Fall of Zhou Enlai 297

Final Meetings with Mao: The Swallows and the Coming of the Storm 303

Chapter 12 The Indestructible Deng 321

Deng's First Return to Power 322

The Death of Leaders-Hua Guofeng 327

Deng's Ascendance-"Reform and Opening Up" 329

Chapter 13 "Touching the Tiger's Buttocks": The Third Vietnam War 340

Vietnam: Confounder of Great Powers 341

Deng's Foreign Policy-Dialogue with America and Normalization 348

Deng's Journeys 356

Deng's Visit to America and the New Definition of Alliance 360

The Third Vietnam War 367

Chapter 14 Reagan and the Advent of Normalcy 377

Taiwan Arms Sales and the Third Communiqué 381

China and the Superpowers-The New Equilibrium 387

Deng's Reform Program 396

Chapter 15 Tiananmen 405

American Dilemmas 411

The Fang Lizhi Controversy 428

The 12- and 24-Character Statements 437

Chapter 16 What Kind of Reform? Deng's Southern Tour 440

Chapter 17 A Roller Coaster Ride Toward Another Reconciliation: The Jiang Zemin Era 447

China and the Disintegrating Soviet Union 456

The Clinton Administration and China Policy 461

The Third Taiwan Strait Crisis 471

China's Resurgence and Jiang's Reflections 478

Chapter 18 The New Millennium 487

Differences in Perspective 493

How to Define Strategic Opportunity 497

The National Destiny Debate-The Triumphalist View 503

Dai Bingguo-A Reaffirmation of Peaceful Rise 508

Epilogue: Does History Repeat Itself? The Crowe Memorandum 514

Toward a Pacific Community? 527

Afterword to the paperback edition 531

Notes 549

Index 585

What People are Saying About This

From the Publisher

Praise for Henry Kissinger's On China

Fascinating, shrewd… [The book’s] portrait of China is informed by Mr. Kissinger’s intimate firsthand knowledge of several generations of Chinese leaders. The book deftly traces the rhythms and patterns in Chinese history…even as it explicates the philosophical differences that separate it from the United States.”—Michiko Kakutani, The New York Times

“Nobody living can claim greater credit than Mr. Kissinger for America's 1971 opening to Beijing, after more than two decades of estrangement, and for China's subsequent opening to the world. So it's fitting that Mr. Kissinger has now written On China, a fluent, fascinating…book that is part history, part memoir and above all an examination of the premises, methods and aims of Chinese foreign policy.”The Wall Street Journal

Fascinating… In On China, statesman Henry Kissinger draws on historical records and 40 years of direct interaction with four generations of Chinese leaders to analyze the link between China’s ancient past and its present day trajectory. In doing so, the man who helped shape modern East-West relations presents an often unsettling, occasionally hopeful and always compelling accounting of what we’re up against.The Chicago Sun-Times

Fascinating… No living American has played a more important role than Henry Kissinger, the former national security adviser and secretary of state, in bringing about the historic rapprochement between the United States and China. … [Kissinger] draw[s] deep insights into China's traumatic encounter with much stronger Western powers.”The San Francisco Chronicle

On China, Kissinger's 13th book, blends an incisive strategic analysis of the moves and countermoves of China, the United States and the former Soviet Union with telling vignettes about his meetings with Chinese Communist Party leaders… entertaining.The Los Angeles Times

No one can lay claim to so much influence on the shaping of foreign policy over the past 50 years as Henry Kissinger.”The Financial Times

“From the eminent elder statesman, an astute appraisal on Chinese diplomacy from ancient times to the fraught present “strategic trust” with the United States. Former Secretary of State Kissinger brings his considerable scholarly knowledge and professional expertise to this chronicle of the complicated evolution and precarious future of Chinese diplomacy with the West. … Sage words and critical perspective lent by a significant participant in historical events.”Kirkus Reviews

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