Table of Contents
The EditorsContributorsPrefacePreface to the second editionPART I. TAXONOMY AND PRINCIPAL GENERA1. Structure and Classification, Wilfrida Decraemer and David J. Hunt1.1. Introduction1.2. General Morphology1.3. Life Cycle Stages1.4. Feeding Groups1.5. Classification of Plant-parasitic nematodes1.6. Common Morphometric Abbreviations2. Molecular Systematics, Sergei A. Subbotin, Lieven Waeyenberge and Maurice Moens 2.1. Phylogenetics and Phylogenomics2.2. Species Concepts and Delimiting Species in Nematology2.3. Phylogenetics and Classification2.4. Molecular Techniques2.5. Genes used for Molecular Systematics2.6. Microsatellites2.7. DNA Bar-coding2.8. Phylogenetic Inference2.9. Reconstruction of Historical Association2.10. Databases2.11. Examples of Molecular Phylogenies3. Root-knot Nematodes, Gerrit Karssen,Wim Wesemael and Maurice Moens3.1. Introduction to Root-knot Nematodes 3.2. Life Cycle and Behaviour3.3. Host Response to Parasitism3.4. Post-infection Biology3.5. Plant Growth and Yield3.6. Survival3.7. Cytogenetics3.8. General Morphology3.9. Principal Species3.10. Biochemical and Molecular Identification3.11. Interactions with other Plant Pathogens3.12. Management and control4. Cyst Nematodes, Susan J. Turner and Sergei A. Subbotin4.1. Introduction to Cyst Nematodes4.2. Life Cycle and Behaviour4.3 General Morphology of the Subfamily Heteroderinae4.4. Genera and Principal Species4.5. Pathotypes and Races4.6. Biochemical and Molecular Diagnostics4.7. Interactions with Other Plant Pathogens4.8. Management5 Migratory Endoparasitic Nematodes, Larry A. Duncan and Maurice Moens 5.1. Introduction to Migratory Endoparasitic Nematodes5.2. The Pratylenchids: Lesion, Burrowing and Rice Root Nematodes 5.3. Anguinids and the Stem and Bulb Nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci5.4. Plant-parasitic Aphelenchs6. Ectoparasitic Nematodes, Wilfrida Decraemer and Etienne Geraert6.1. Introduction to Endoparasitic Nematodes6.2. Definition of Ectoparasites/Ectoparasitism6.3. Classification6.4. Tylenchina (Chromadorea, Chromadoria)6.5. Enoplea6.6. Biochemical and Molecular Diagnostics6.7. Ectoparasitic Nematodes as Vectors of Plant-viruses6.8. ManagementPART II. NEMATODE BIOLOGY AND PLANT RESPONSES7. Reproduction, Physiology and Biochemistry, Roland N. Perry, Denis J. Wright and David J. Chitwood7.1. Reproduction and Development 7.2. Musculature and Neurobiology 7.3. Biosynthesis 7.4. Respiration and Intermediary Metabolism 7.5. Osmotic and Ionic Regulation and Excretion 7.6. Survival Strategies 8. Behaviour and Sensory Perception, Roland N. Perry and Rosane H.C. Curtis8.1. Sense Organs or Sensilla8.2. Undulatory Propulsion8.3. Random Movement8.4. Movement in Response to Stimuli in Soil8.5. Nematode Feeding and Movement within Plant Tissue8.6. Other Types of Movement and Behaviour9. Molecular Aspects of Plant-Nematode Interactions, Godelieve Gheysen and John T. Jones9.1. Nematode Parasitism of Plants9.2. Invasion and Migration 9.3. Wound and Defence Responses of the Plant9.4. Suppression of Host Defences and Protection from Host Responses9.5. Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Nematode Feeding Cells9.6. Nematode Signals for Feeding Site Induction and Other Processes 9.7. Comparison Between Cyst and Root-knot Nematodes 9.8. Resistance and Avirulence GenesPART III. QUANTITATIVE NEMATOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT10. Plant Growth and Population Dynamics, Corrie H. Schomaker and Thomas H. Been10.1. Introduction10.2. Relationships of Nematodes with Plants10.3. Predictors of Yield Reduction10.4. Different Response Variables of Nematodes10.5. Stem Nematodes (Ditylenchus dipsaci)10.6. Root-invading Nematodes10.7. Effect of Nematicides10.8. Validation of the Model 10.9. Population Dynamics11. Distribution Patterns and Sampling, Thomas H. Been and Corrie H. Schomaker11.1. Introduction11.2. Practical Application11.3. Horizontal Distribution11.4. Vertical Distribution12. International Plant Health – Putting Legislation into Practice, Sue Hockland, Renato N. Inserra and Lisa M. Kohl12.1. Introduction and Terminology12.2. Historical Considerations12.3. International Phytosanitary Frameworks12.4. Early Legislation Enacted against Plant-parasitic Nematodes12.5. International Phytosanitary Initiatives against Plant-parasitic Nematodes12.6. Phytosanitary Problems Posed by Plant-parasitic Nematodes12.7. Determining the Risk Posed by Plant-parasitic Nematodes using Pest Risk Analysis12.8. Phytosanitary Measures for Plant-parasitic Nematodes12.9. Phytosanitary Measures and their Associated Cost:Benefits12.10. Future Challenges for the Control of Regulated Nematodes12.11. Challenges Facing Scientific Advisers and Researchers13. Biological and Cultural Management, Nicole Viaene, Danny L. Coyne and Keith G. Davies13.1. Introduction13.2. Suppressive Soils 13.3. Biological Control Agents13.4. Interaction with Rhizosphere Microflora 13.5. Applying Biological Control Agents 13.6. Integration of Biological Control with Other Control Measures 13.7. Nematode-free Planting Material13.8. Sanitation13.9. Physical Soil Treatments13.10. Biologically-based Practices13.11. Amendments 13.12. Time of Planting13.13. Other Control Practices14 Nematode Resistance in Crops, James L. Starr, Alexander H. Mc Donald and Abiodun O. Claudius-Cole14.1. Introduction14.2. Concepts of Resistance14.3. Inheritance and Mechanisms of Resistance14.4. Virulence in Nematodes14.5. Origins and Functions14.6. Exploitation14.7. Successes and Opportunities15 Genetic Engineering for Resistance, Amanda Cottage and Peter Urwin15. 1. Genetic Engineering for Resistance: General Introduction15. 2. Genetic Engineering for Nematode Resistance: use of Natural Resistances15.3. Targets in the Early Nematode-Plant Interaction for Engineered Resistance15.4. Genetic Engineering to Target the Nematode Directly15.5. Targeting the Nematode Feeding Site15.6. Stacked Defences15.7. The Research Approach to Engineering Nematode Resistance 15.8. The Future16. Chemical Control of Nematodes, Patrick P.J. Haydock, Simon R. Woods, Ivan G. Grove and Martin C. Hare 16.1. History and Development of Nematicides16.2. Active Substances: Chemical Groups and Modes of Action16.3. Formulation and Application 16.4. Nematicides in the Environment16.5. Human Safety16.6. Naturally Occurring NematicidesReferencesGlossaryIndex