The Reader Over Your Shoulder: A Handbook for Writers of English Prose

In late October 1939, Robert Graves wrote to Alan Hodge: “I have begun a new book, about English.” Graves and Hodge had recently completed a social history of the between-wars period called The Long Week-End. Now they embarked on this new project, “a handbook for writers of English Prose,” to be called The Reader Over Your Shoulder.

The world was in total upheaval. Graves had already fled Majorca three years earlier at the start of the Spanish Civil War. As they labored over their new writing project, Graves and Hodge witnessed the fall of France and the evacuation of Allied forces at Dunkirk. In early September 1940 began the bombing of London by the German Luftwaffe, a concentrated effort to destroy the resolve of the English people. Graves’s and Hodge’s idea was simple enough: at a time when their whole world was falling apart, the survival of English prose sentences, of writing that was clear, concise, intelligible, had become paramount if hope were going to survive the onslaught. They came up with forty-one principles for writing, the majority devoted to clarity, the remainder to grace of expression. They studied the prose of a wide range of noted authors and leaders, finding much room for improvement. Quoting grammarian and bestselling author Patricia T. O’Conner from her new introduction, “With a new war to be won, the kingdom couldn’t afford careless, sloppy English. Good communication was critical.”

The book they would write would turn out to be one of the most erudite, and at the same time one of the most spontaneous and inspired, ever to take on the challenge of writing well. O’Conner in her introduction describes The Reader Over Your Shoulder as nothing less than “the best book on writing ever published.” The present edition restores, for the first time in three-quarters of a century, the original, 1943, text, which in subsequent printings and editions had been shortened by over 150 pages, including much of the heart of the book.

1114299574
The Reader Over Your Shoulder: A Handbook for Writers of English Prose

In late October 1939, Robert Graves wrote to Alan Hodge: “I have begun a new book, about English.” Graves and Hodge had recently completed a social history of the between-wars period called The Long Week-End. Now they embarked on this new project, “a handbook for writers of English Prose,” to be called The Reader Over Your Shoulder.

The world was in total upheaval. Graves had already fled Majorca three years earlier at the start of the Spanish Civil War. As they labored over their new writing project, Graves and Hodge witnessed the fall of France and the evacuation of Allied forces at Dunkirk. In early September 1940 began the bombing of London by the German Luftwaffe, a concentrated effort to destroy the resolve of the English people. Graves’s and Hodge’s idea was simple enough: at a time when their whole world was falling apart, the survival of English prose sentences, of writing that was clear, concise, intelligible, had become paramount if hope were going to survive the onslaught. They came up with forty-one principles for writing, the majority devoted to clarity, the remainder to grace of expression. They studied the prose of a wide range of noted authors and leaders, finding much room for improvement. Quoting grammarian and bestselling author Patricia T. O’Conner from her new introduction, “With a new war to be won, the kingdom couldn’t afford careless, sloppy English. Good communication was critical.”

The book they would write would turn out to be one of the most erudite, and at the same time one of the most spontaneous and inspired, ever to take on the challenge of writing well. O’Conner in her introduction describes The Reader Over Your Shoulder as nothing less than “the best book on writing ever published.” The present edition restores, for the first time in three-quarters of a century, the original, 1943, text, which in subsequent printings and editions had been shortened by over 150 pages, including much of the heart of the book.

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The Reader Over Your Shoulder: A Handbook for Writers of English Prose

The Reader Over Your Shoulder: A Handbook for Writers of English Prose

The Reader Over Your Shoulder: A Handbook for Writers of English Prose

The Reader Over Your Shoulder: A Handbook for Writers of English Prose

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Overview

In late October 1939, Robert Graves wrote to Alan Hodge: “I have begun a new book, about English.” Graves and Hodge had recently completed a social history of the between-wars period called The Long Week-End. Now they embarked on this new project, “a handbook for writers of English Prose,” to be called The Reader Over Your Shoulder.

The world was in total upheaval. Graves had already fled Majorca three years earlier at the start of the Spanish Civil War. As they labored over their new writing project, Graves and Hodge witnessed the fall of France and the evacuation of Allied forces at Dunkirk. In early September 1940 began the bombing of London by the German Luftwaffe, a concentrated effort to destroy the resolve of the English people. Graves’s and Hodge’s idea was simple enough: at a time when their whole world was falling apart, the survival of English prose sentences, of writing that was clear, concise, intelligible, had become paramount if hope were going to survive the onslaught. They came up with forty-one principles for writing, the majority devoted to clarity, the remainder to grace of expression. They studied the prose of a wide range of noted authors and leaders, finding much room for improvement. Quoting grammarian and bestselling author Patricia T. O’Conner from her new introduction, “With a new war to be won, the kingdom couldn’t afford careless, sloppy English. Good communication was critical.”

The book they would write would turn out to be one of the most erudite, and at the same time one of the most spontaneous and inspired, ever to take on the challenge of writing well. O’Conner in her introduction describes The Reader Over Your Shoulder as nothing less than “the best book on writing ever published.” The present edition restores, for the first time in three-quarters of a century, the original, 1943, text, which in subsequent printings and editions had been shortened by over 150 pages, including much of the heart of the book.


Product Details

ISBN-13: 9781609807337
Publisher: Seven Stories Press
Publication date: 01/09/2018
Edition description: Reprint
Pages: 640
Sales rank: 339,215
Product dimensions: 5.50(w) x 8.10(h) x 1.40(d)

About the Author

One of the English language’s greatest defenders, Robert Graves (1895–1985) was a preeminent English poet, novelist, memoirist, critic, translator, children’s book author, and scholar of classical mythology. He served and was injured as an infantry officer in France during World War I—an experience recounted in his 1929 autobiography, Goodbye to All That—and later became the first professor of English literature at the University of Cairo. Graves is best remembered today for his acclaimed historical novels, his books of mythology, and the present volume on English. His many acclaimed works include I, Claudius, Goodbye to All That, The White Goddess, Collected Poems, Milton’s Wife, They Hanged My Saintly Billy, and The Golden Fleece; with Alan Hodge: The Long Week-End and The Reader Over Your Shoulder; and for children: Ann at Highwood Hall, The Hebrew Myths, and The Siege and Fall of Troy.  

Alan Hodge (1915–1979) was a historian and editor. In addition to The Reader Over Your Shoulder, he collaborated with Graves on The Long Week-End, a social history of Britain during the First and Second World War and, together with Graves and Norman Cameron, on Work in Hand, a poetry collection. Like Graves, Hodge was in Spain when the Spanish Civil War erupted, and in Warsaw when the Germans invaded Poland.

Patricia T. O'Conner, a former staff editor at The New York Times Book Review, is the author of five books on language, most recently Origins of the Specious, written with her husband, Stewart Kellerman. Her first book, Woe Is I, has half a million copies in print and will soon appear in a fourth edition. She and Mr. Kellerman blog about the English language at http://www.grammarphobia.com.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements vii

Introduction Patricia T. O'Conner xi

Part I The Reader Over Your Shoulder

1 The Peculiar Qualities of English 3

2 The Present Confusion of English Prose 17

3 Where Is Good English to Be Found? 30

4 The Use and Abuse of Official English 45

5 The Beginnings of English Prose 65

6 The Ornate and Plain Styles 85

7 Classical Prose 99

8 Romantic Prose 116

9 Recent Prose 133

10 The Principles of Clear Statement-I 152

11 The Principles of Clear Statement-II 175

12 The Principles of Clear Statement-III 199

13 The Graces of Prose 231

Part II Examinations and Fair Copies

Sir Norman Angell 271

Irving Babbitt 279

Earl Baldwin of Bewdley 287

Clive Bell 293

Viscount Castlerosse (later the Earl of Kenmare) 298

Bishop of Chichester 302

G. D. H. Cole 311

Marquess of Crewe 319

Dr. Hugh Dalton, M.P. 326

Daphne Du Maurier 330

Sir Arthur Eddington 334

T. S. Eliot 344

Lord Esher 352

Admiral C.J. Eyres 359

Negley Farson 363

Major-Gen. J. F. C. Fuller 372

Major-Gen. Sir Charles Gwynn 378

Viscount Halifax 384

Cicely Hamilton 391

'Ian Hay' 395

Ernest Hemingway 406

Aldous Huxley 409

Prof. Julian Huxley 415

Paul Irwin 422

Sir James Jeans 430

Prof. C. E. M. Joad 436

Senator Hiram Johnson 441

J. M. Keynes (later Lord Keynes) 448

Com. Stephen King-Hall 459

Dr. F. R. Leavis 465

Cecil Day Lewis 472

Desmond MacCarthy 481

Brig.-Gen. J. H. Morgan, K.C. 485

J. Middleton Murry 489

Sir Cyril Norwood 494

'Observator' 501

An Editor of the Oxford English Dictionary 504

Eric Partridge 512

'Peterborough' 519

Ezra Pound 525

J. B. Priestley 532

D. N. Pritt, K.C, M.P. 537

Herbert Read 542

I. A. Richards 546

Bertrand Russell 555

Viscount Samuel 562

George Bernard Shaw 567

Stephen Spender 573

J. W. N. Sullivan 580

Helen Waddell 584

Sir Hugh Walpole 593

H. G. Wells 599

Prof. A. N. Whitehead 604

Sir Leonard Woolley 611

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