| Introduction | ix |
| Acknowledgments | xi |
| Note on Texts and Translations | xi |
| Part 1 | To 300 C.E. | |
| Early Christian Communities | |
| 1. | Ignatius of Antioch, Letter to the Magnesians | 3 |
| 2. | The Gospel of Thomas | 5 |
| 3. | Didache | 12 |
| 4. | Hippolytus of Rome, Apostolic Tradition | 17 |
| Christianity and Society before Constantine | |
| 5. | Correspondence of Pliny and Trajan | 23 |
| 6. | The Martyrs of Lyons (Letter of the Churches of Lyons and Vienne, ca. 177) | 24 |
| 7. | The Martyrdom of Perpetua and Felicity | 30 |
| 8. | Justin Martyr, Second Apology | 37 |
| 9. | Certificate of Sacrifice | 43 |
| 10. | Tertullian of Carthage, On the Apparel of Women | 44 |
| 11. | Acts of Paul and Thecla | 48 |
| Theological Currents in the Second and Third Centuries | |
| 12. | The Second Treatise of the Great Seth | 53 |
| 13. | Irenaeus of Lyons, Against Heresies | 58 |
| 14. | The Muratorian Fragment | 66 |
| 15. | Origen of Alexandria, On First Principles | 68 |
| 16. | Cyprian of Carthage, Letter 55 | 76 |
| 17. | Bardaisan of Edessa, The Book of the Laws of Countries | 82 |
| Part 2 | 300-600 C.E. | |
| The Opening of the Constantinian Era: Conversion and Controversy | |
| 18. | Eusebius of Caesarea, Life of Constantine | 87 |
| 19. | Letters of Arius and Alexander of Alexandria | 98 |
| 20. | The Nicene Creed and the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed | 101 |
| 21. | Auxentius of Durostorum, Letter on the Life and Work of Ulfila, Apostle of the Goths | 102 |
| 22. | The Emperor Julian, Rescript on Christian Teachers (Letter 36) | 105 |
| 23. | The Christianization of Ethiopia and Georgia: Rufinus of Aquileia, Ecclesiastical History | 107 |
| 24. | The Martyrdom of Martha, Daughter of Posi, Who Was a Daughter of the Covenant | 110 |
| 25. | Ephrem the Syrian, Hymn 1 | 113 |
| 26. | Basil of Caesarea, Letter 150 | 117 |
| 27. | Gregory of Nyssa, Ad Graecos | 119 |
| 28. | The Christianization of Armenia: Agathangelos, History of the Armenians | 122 |
| Varieties of Ascetic Life for Men and Women | |
| 29. | Athanasius of Alexandria, Life of Anthony of Egypt | 131 |
| 30. | Basil of Caesarea, Longer Rule | 144 |
| 31. | Gregory of Nyssa, Life of Macrina | 147 |
| 32. | Lives of Ascetics: Palladius, Lausiac History | 155 |
| 33. | Egeria, Diary of a Pilgrimage | 159 |
| Christology and Diverging Identities in the East | |
| 34. | Letters of Cyril of Alexandria and Nestorius of Constantinople | 165 |
| 35. | Definition of Faith of the Council of Chalcedon | 175 |
| 36. | Zacharias the Scholastic, Life of Severus of Antioch | 176 |
| 37. | John of Ephesus, Life of Susan | 183 |
| 38. | The Evangelization of Nubia: John of Ephesus, Ecclesiastical History | 188 |
| 39. | Christians in India: Cosmas Indicopleustes, Christian Topography | 192 |
| The Coming of Age of Latin Christianity | |
| 40. | Augustine of Hippo, City of God | 195 |
| 41. | Pelagius, To Demetrias | 206 |
| 42. | Augustine of Hippo, On Nature and Grace | 210 |
| 43. | Ambrose of Milan, Letters 2 and 3 | 213 |
| 44. | Patrick, Confession | 221 |
| Part 3 | 600-1000 C.E. | |
| Early Medieval Christianity in Asia | |
| 45. | Apology of Patriarch Timothy of Baghdad before the Caliph Mahdi | 231 |
| 46. | Inscription of the Monument of the Church of the East at Xian | 243 |
| 47. | Chinese Christian Sutras | 247 |
| Early Medieval Christianity in the West | |
| 48. | Acts of the Third Council of Toledo | 253 |
| 49. | Columbanus, Letter 2 | 255 |
| 50. | Bede, Ecclesiastical History | 258 |
| 51. | Rudolph of Fulda, Life of Leoba | 264 |
| 52. | The Heliand | 271 |
| 53. | Hrotsvit of Gandersheim, Dulcitius | 280 |
| 54. | Adso of Montier-en-Der, Letter on the Origin and Time of the Antichrist | 285 |
| The Byzantine Commonwealth | |
| 55. | John of Damascus, On the Divine Images | 289 |
| 56. | Letters of Patriarch Photius of Constantinople and Pope Nicholas I on Disputed Issues | 297 |
| 57. | Life of Constantine [Cyril] | 302 |
| 58. | The Christianization of Russia: Russian Primary Chronicle | 310 |
| Part 4 | 1000-1453 C.E. | |
| Reform, Crusade, Reconquest | |
| 59. | Pope Gregory VII, Letter to Hermann of Metz | 319 |
| 60. | Guibert of Nogent, The Deeds of God through the Franks | 324 |
| 61. | Ibn al-Athir on the Fall of Jerusalem, 1099 | 334 |
| 62. | Nicetas Choniates on the Sack of Constantinople, 1204 | 335 |
| 63. | James I of Aragon on the Fall of Valencia, 1238 | 336 |
| Spirituality and Theology in the Latin West in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries | |
| 64. | Anselm of Canterbury, Cur Deus Homo | 339 |
| 65. | Bernard of Clairvaux, On Loving God | 347 |
| 66. | Thomas of Celano, First Life of Francis of Assisi | 354 |
| 67. | Thomas Aquinas on the Existence of God | 359 |
| 68. | Letters and Visions of Hadewijch of Brabant | 362 |
| Asian and African Christianity in the Late Middle Ages | |
| 69. | The Lives of Mar Yahbh-Allaha and Rabban Sawma | 373 |
| 70. | The War Chronicle of Amda Tseyon | 384 |
| 71. | Kebra Nagast | 388 |
| Latin and Byzantine Christianity in the Late Middle Ages | |
| 72. | Documents by or about Boniface VIII: Unam Sanctam; Account of Events at Anagni, 1303 | 397 |
| 73. | Gregory Palamas, Triads | 402 |
| 74. | Geert Grote, Letter 29 | 410 |
| 75. | The Council of Constance, Haec sancta and Frequens | 414 |
| 76. | The Council of Florence on Church Union: Laetentur caeli | 415 |
| Index | 418 |
