Science Arts: Discovering Science Through Art Experiences
144
Science Arts: Discovering Science Through Art Experiences
144eBook
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Overview
Product Details
| ISBN-13: | 9780935607239 |
|---|---|
| Publisher: | Chicago Review Press, Incorporated |
| Publication date: | 06/01/1993 |
| Series: | Mayfield-Napolitani , #4 |
| Sold by: | Barnes & Noble |
| Format: | eBook |
| Pages: | 144 |
| File size: | 8 MB |
| Age Range: | 4 - 8 Years |
About the Author
Read an Excerpt
CHAPTER 1
Water And Air
WET PAINT DESIGN
DIFFUSION
MATERIALS:
water shallow pan cookie sheet with sides tempera paint, thinned with water eyedroppers construction paper newspaper
ART EXPERIMENT:
1. Wet the paper thoroughly by dipping it into the pan of water.
2. Place the wet paper immediately on the cookie sheet.
3. Drop different colors of thinned tempera paint on the wet paper using the eyedroppers.
4. Remove the painting from the cookie sheet to newspaper to dry.
VARIATIONS:
• Instead of eyedroppers, dip other objects in the paint:
– cotton swab
– paint brush
– drinking straw
– feather -twig
• Draw with colored chalk on wet paper.
• Use water-based colored marking pens on wet paper.
• Use watercolor paints instead of tempera paints on wet paper.
When a drop of paint is added to a wet piece of paper, the paint molecules slowly DIFFUSE or spread out in the water on the paper. DIFFUSION occurs when the paint molecules are crowded into one spot on the wet paper as a drop, but gradually spread out in the water.
WET AND DRY PAINTING
DISSOLVE / DIFFUSE
MATERIALS:
water shallow pan cookie pan with sides tempera paints, powdered several salt shakers construction paper newspaper
ART EXPERIMENT:
1. Put the dry tempera paint into a salt shaker and shake it to see if the paint comes out. Do the same for the other shakers and paint colors.
2. Fill the shallow cookie pan half full with water.
3. Wet the paper thoroughly by dipping it into the pan of water and place it immediately in the cookie pan.
4. Shake different colors of the dry tempera on the wet paper.
5. Remove the paper from the pan and let it dry on newspaper.
VARIATIONS:
• Color a picture on construction paper first, and then apply water and dry paint from a shaker.
• Shake salt on the Wet and Dry Painting to see the crystals react with water.
• Sprinkle dry paint on dry paper. Then go outside into the rain and let the drops of rain spatter the paint.
As powdered tempera paint is shaken onto the wet paper, the paint particles are ABSORBED by the water and then begin to DISSOLVE. The liquid paint will then DIFFUSE and spread throughout the water forming designs and patterns.
INVISIBLE DESIGNS
INSOLUBLE
MATERIALS:
cooking oil in cup butcher paper brushes water in cup window or light source
ART EXPERIMENT:
1. Paint with cooking oil on butcher paper.
2. Hold the design up to the light to make the art visible.
3. With a paint brush full of water, paint over the oil design. Paint on the untouched paper too.
4. Look at the way oil and water act together.
VARIATIONS:
• Using a damp sponge, try to wipe the oil design away.
• Paint with watercolors on the oil and water designs.
• Draw with permanent felt pens on the oil and water designs.
Oil and water are INSOLUBLE which means they will not mix. When oil is brushed on the butcher paper, it is ABSORBED by the paper or soaks into the paper and will not mix with the water. But wherever there is no oil on the paper, the water easily absorbs into the paper.
WATER PAINTING
EVAPORATION
MATERIALS:
bucket house painting brushes water outdoor area with sidewalks, rocks, or buildings
ART EXPERIMENT:
1. Fill the bucket with water.
2. Dip the brush into the water.
3. Work outdoors, painting sidewalks, sides of buildings, rocks, concrete or asphalt play areas, swing sets, and more.
4. Paint designs or simply paint to cover objects with a bright, shiny coat of water.
5. When the water evaporates or dries, paint the objects again.
VARIATIONS:
• Mark the water level in the bucket with a pen. Leave the bucket outside all day. Check the new water level after the water has evaporated some.
• Wash doll clothes and hang to dry, observing evaporation.
When water, a liquid, is brushed onto a surface like a rock, it will usually change into water vapor, a gas, and enter the air. This process of change is called EVAPORATION. When the air gets full of water vapor or when the water vapor cools down, it changes to a liquid again in the form of rain.
OIL & WATER PAINTING
DENSITY / INSOLUBLE
MATERIALS:
paper cooking oil
ART EXPERIMENT:
1. Mix one color of paint with water in a cup until thin and watery.
2. Mix the second color of paint with oil in the other cup.
3. Place a sheet of paper in the baking pan.
4. Next use one eyedropper to drip spots of the watery paint onto the paper.
5. Then use the second eyedropper to drip spots of oily paint on top of the watery paint spots.
6. Tip the pan back and forth to move the paints. The oil paint will float on the water paint to create unusual effects.
VARIATIONS:
• Use more colors of paints.
• Use a variety of paper textures.
• Use a larger tray or pan, larger paper, and a turkey baster instead of en eyedropper.
Oil and water will not mix and are said to be INSOLUBLE. When the oily paint is dripped on the watery paint, the two liquids stay separate and arrange themselves in layers according to their DENSITY. The watery paint is most dense and forms the bottom layer; the oily paint is least dense and floats on the water as the top layer.
OIL PAINTING
INSOLUBLE
MATERIALS:
vegetable oil tempera paint, powdered paper shallow cake pan water spoons cups newspaper
ART EXPERIMENT:
1. Mix the tempera paint and oil in a cup until creamy.
2. Fill the cake pan about 1/2 full with water.
3. Spoon a few drops of the oil paint mixture on top of the water.
4. Use a spoon to gently swirl the paint.
5. Next, lay a piece of paper on top of the water and oil paint. Let the paper float for a minute or so.
6. Carefully lift the paper by one corner.
7. Immediately place the painting on newspaper to dry.
VARIATIONS:
• Use Oil Painting designs as note cards, book covers, or wrapping paper.
• Create Oil Painting on waxed paper, paper plates, or plastic wrap.
• Add glitter on top of the wet oil paint.
• Mix salt and dry tempera to make a glittery paint.
Oil and water won't mix because they are INSOLUBLE. The oily paint floats on top of the water in the pan because the water is denser than oil. Oil will not DISSOLVE in water; oil stays oil and water stays water.
FROST PLATE
CRYSTALS / FREEZING
MATERIALS:
petroleum jelly clear glass pie plate freezer
ART EXPERIMENT:
1. Smear petroleum jelly on the glass pie plate.
2. Draw a design in the jelly on the plate with fingers.
3. Clean hands.
4. Put the plate in the freezer for 2 hours.
5. Remove the plate and look at the frost designs.
Water is a unique substance because it can be ice (a solid), water (a liquid), or water vapor (a gas), all within a close range of temperatures. When the petroleum jelly is placed in the freezer, water vapor in the freezer FREEZES and crystallizes on the jelly where it is easily seen in the drawing. The water vapor molecules slow down when cooled to 32 °F (0 °C) or below, and arrange themselves in a regular pattern on the petroleum jelly as they form ice CRYSTALS.
FROZEN PAPER
FREEZING
MATERIALS:
freezer (or freezing day outdoors)
ART EXPERIMENT:
1. Dip the paper in a shallow pan of water until it's thoroughly wet.
2. Place the wet paper on a cookie sheet.
3. Place the cookie sheet and paper in the freezer or outside to freeze.
4. When frozen, remove the paper from the freezer and paint on the paper before it thaws.
VARIATIONS:
• Freeze a different variety of papers for painting - paper towel, coffee filter, construction paper, typing paper.
• Draw with chalk on frozen paper.
• Paint with tempera paints on frozen paper.
When watercolor paint comes in contact with the FROZEN paper, it cools and nearly freezes too. This cooling slows down the movement of the paint molecules and the paint begins to freeze and behave more like a solid. If the paper begins to thaw or melt, the molecules of paint and water move faster and mix more easily, much like the usual behavior of paint and water.
CUBE PAINTING
FREEZING / MELTING
MATERIALS:
2 measuring cups plastic ice cube trays water
ART EXPERIMENT:
1. Mix one color tempera paint with water in a measuring cup and the second color tempera paint with water in the other measuring cup. Mix until thin and lightly colored.
2. Pour the paint into plastic ice cube trays.
3. Put a craft stick in each cube section.
4. Freeze the tempera water mixture.
5. When frozen, remove the cubes from the trays.
6. Hold the stick of the tempera paint ice cubes and paint a picture on the white drawing paper.
VARIATIONS:
• Make the frozen paint cubes in a muffin tin.
• Make additional colors of ice cubes.
When the water and paint mixture is cooled to 32 °F (0 °C) or lower, it FREEZES or changes from a liquid to a solid. Then when the paint ice cube is removed from the freezer, it begins to MELT because the temperature is higher than 32°F(0 °C). The ice melts into liquid paint as it is spread over the paper with the craft stick handle.
COLORED ICE CUBES
FREEZING / MELTING
MATERIALS:
variety of food colorings water plastic ice cube tray freezer paper cups spoon warm day outdoors
ART EXPERIMENT:
1. Mix each food coloring with water in a cup.
2. Pour the different colors of water in the individual compartments of plastic ice cube trays filling them 1/4 full.
3. Place in the freezer until frozen solid.
4. Remove the colored cubes from the trays.
5. Take the paper and the trays outside.
6. Arrange the cubes on the paper and let them melt and mix colors.
7. Then dry the colored cube picture completely.
VARIATIONS:
• Put craft sticks in the ice cube compartments before freezing. When frozen, paint with the colored ice cubes on sticks.
• Use 1 ice cube and move the paper around so the cube does the painting.
When the colored water is placed in the freezer at 32 °F (0 °C) or lower, it begins to change from a liquid to a solid. In a short period of time, the molecules of water slow down until the water FREEZES in its solid state - ice. As soon as the ice is carried outside where the temperature is higher than 32 °F (0 °C), it begins to MELT or change to its liquid state - water. Because the water is colored and not clear, patterns and swirls of colors mix and run together as the ice melts and spreads out on the paper.
RAIN DANCER
DIFFUSION
MATERIALS:
rainy day outdoors white construction paper tempera paints paintbrushes
ART EXPERIMENT:
1. Paint with tempera paints on the white paper.
2. Take the painting outside and place it on the ground face up so the rain drops land on it.
3. When ready, take the rainy painting inside to dry.
VARIATIONS:
• Carry blank, dry paper into the rain. Return indoors and paint on wet paper.
• Put small sprinkles of dry tempera on the paper and let the rain sprinkle on the dry paint.
• Paint on paper. Then spray water from a spray bottle on the painting.
When the painting is carried out into the rain, the rain drops hit the paint with an even sprinkling of water. Where each drop of rain hits, the paint is thinned or spread out and DIFFUSED. In this experiment DIFFUSION is the gradual mixing of paint molecules and water molecules. The diffusion of water and paint on the paper forms patterns and designs in the dry paint areas.
CHALK FLOAT DESIGN
SURFACE TENSION
MATERIALS:
construction paper colored chalk large cake pan half-filled with water kitchen grater water
ART EXPERIMENT:
1. Grate the colored chalk into very fine pieces on a piece of paper.
2. Sprinkle the colored chalk gratings on the water in the pan.
3. Carefully float the construction paper on the water.
4. Lift the paper out of the water and look at the chalk designs.
5. Place the chalk float picture in a place where it will dry overnight.
VARIATIONS:
• Dip corners of a piece of paper through the floating chalk.
• Completely dip small pieces of paper into a bucket of water with chalk floating on the surface. Cover both sides of the paper.
A stick of chalk would normally sink in a pan of water, but floats when it is shaved into hundreds of tiny bits. Water forms a "skin" on its surface which holds up objects that usually sink. This "skin" caused by water molecules that line up and are strongly attracted to each other is called SURFACE TENSION. The chalk bits are so small and light that the surface tension of the water holds them up on the surface.
ICE STRUCTURES
FREEZING
MATERIALS:
food coloring variety of molds –
ART EXPERIMENT:
1. Mix water with food coloring in a large pail.
2. Pour the colored water into the molds.
3. Leave the molds outside to freeze.
4. When frozen, bring the molds inside.
5. Let the frozen molds thaw a little at room temperature to remove the ice shapes more easily.
6. Then take the ice shapes outside and build a sculpture using the ice shapes and use small amounts of snow like glue or cement. Freeze.
If the temperature is 32 °F (0 °C) or below, water will FREEZE in its solid form - ice. At these low temperatures, the water molecules move very slowly and gradually come together in a regular pattern called ICE.
ICE & SALT SCULPTURE
MELTING POINT
MATERIALS:
large chunk of ice
ART EXPERIMENT:
1. Place the ice chunk in a baking pan.
2. In a plastic spray bottle, mix 1 /4 cup warm water with food coloring and 3/4 cup salt. Make at least two different spray bottles and colors. Set aside.
3. Pour a cup of water over the ice chunk to make it slick.
4. Next, squirt the warm, salty colored water on the ice chunk. Be sure the bottle is set on "stream," not "spray."
5. Squirt small amounts of liquid on different areas of the ice. (If too much gets on one area, rinse with clear water.) Try to form caverns, holes, cracks, and designs.
6. The ice sculpture is complete when the ice chunk is filled with designs and colors as desired.
VARIATIONS:
• Make more than two colors of spray bottles for more color contrasts.
• Experiment with different sizes of ice chunks.
• Try this experiment without the salt and see what happens.
Every substance has a MELTING POINT, the temperature at which that substance will begin to change from a solid to a liquid. The melting point of ice is 32 °F (0 °C). But when salt is DISSOLVED in water and sprayed on the ice chunk, the melting point of the ice is lowered and the ice melts more quickly.
(Continues…)
Excerpted from "Science Arts"
by .
Copyright © 1993 Mary Ann F. Kohl.
Excerpted by permission of Bright Ring Publishing, Inc..
All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher.
Excerpts are provided by Dial-A-Book Inc. solely for the personal use of visitors to this web site.
Table of Contents
CHART OF CONTENTSAcknowledgements 5
Icon Definitions 6, 7
Chart of Contents 8-10
Introduction 11
Chapter 1: Water&Air 13
Wet Paint Design 14
Wet and Dry Painting 15
Invisible Designs 16
Water Painting 17
Oil&Water Painting 18
Oil Painting 19
Frost Plate 20
Frozen Paper 21
Cube Painting 22
Colored Ice Cubes 23
Rain Dancer 24
Chalk Float Design 25
Ice Structures 26
Ice&Salt Sculpture 27
Color Bottles 28
Bottle Fountain 29
Bottle Optics 30
Water Tube 31
Flowing Patterns 32
Paper Molds 33
Floating Sculpture 34
Clay Floats 35
Color Waves 36
Crystal Sparkle Dough 37
Straw Painting 38
Streamer Rings 39
WindChatcher 40
Windy Wrap 41
Wind Chime 42
Chapter 2: Light&Sight 43
Spinning Designs 44
Hidden Coloring 45
Secret Pictures 46
Stretch Picture 47
Dot Matrix Picture 48
Face Illusions 49
Tissue Color Mix 50
White Color Wheel 51
See It Cards 52
Shadow Time 53
Infinity Reflection 54
Mirror Painting 55
Overhead Outlines 56
Color and Shine 57
Slide Viewer 58
Slide Show 59
Silhouettes 60
Silhouette Show 61
Flashlight Patterns 62
Flashlight Reflections 63
Color Viewing Box 64
Real Camera 65
Star Window 66
Window Scene 67
Bubble Sculpture 68
Chapter 3: Motion&Energy 69
Shake Pictures 70
Paint Racing 71
Streak Spin 72
Twirling Rainbow 73
Moving Pets 74
Spoke Weaving 75
Marble Sculpture 76
Gear Sculpture 77
Paint Pendulum 78
Salt Pendulum 79
Polished Crayon 80
Crayon Creatures 81
Hot Sandpaper 82
Baked Drawing 83
Motor Car Print 84
Moon Scape 85
Balloon Decorations 86
Dancing Rabbits 87
Magnet Painting 88
Funny Faces 89
Metallic Design 90
Magnetic Stage Play 91
Magnetic Rubbing 92
Chapter 4: Reaction&Matter 93
Candle Coloring 94
White Resist 95
Immiscibles 96
Chromatography 97
Erupting Colors 98
The Volcano 99
Crystal Design 100
Crystal Paint 101
Crystal Bubbles 102
Crystal Needles 103
Crystal Ink 104
Plastic Milk 105
Marshmallow Tower 106
Building Beans 107
Spaghetti Painting 108
Sandpaper Designs 109
Invisible Paint 110
Magic Cabbage 111
Sculptured Pretzels 112
Chapter 5: Nature&Earth 113
Bark Rubbings 114
Shoe Polish Leaves 115
Nature Spray 116
Plant Imprints 117
Symmetry Prints 118
Sticky Pictures 119
Stencil Leaves 120
Tree Arts 121
Indoor Bird Tracks 122
Grass Patterns 123
Sand Drawings 124
Sand Garden 125
Dried Seaweed Print 126
Dried Arrangement 127
Nature Windows 128
Garden Sculpture 129
Food Paints 130
Home Paints 131
Sand Clay 132
Chapter 6: Resources&Index 133
Resource Books 134-5
Concept Index 136-7
Project Index 138
Materials Index 138-141
About the Authors 142