| Spinoza | |
| I. | Life and Works | 3 |
| II. | Philosophy and Way of Life | 7 |
| III. | The Metaphysical Vision | 9 |
| a. | Substance, attribute, mode | 9 |
| b. | God | 10 |
| c. | The two attributes | 16 |
| d. | The modes | 18 |
| e. | Time; necessity | 20 |
| f. | The cleavage between God and the world and the question of their unity | 21 |
| IV. | Theory of Knowledge | 25 |
| a. | The stages of knowledge | 25 |
| b. | Ideas | 28 |
| c. | Relation to God | 30 |
| d. | Spinoza's geometrical method | 31 |
| e. | Mysticism, rationalism, speculative thought | 33 |
| V. | Man | 37 |
| a. | Man is not substance but mode | 37 |
| b. | Human and divine thinking | 38 |
| c. | Man is mind and body | 38 |
| d. | Man and animal and the difference among men | 41 |
| e. | Immortality and eternity | 42 |
| VI. | Freedom from Aims and Values | 44 |
| a. | Purposes and values are prejudices arising from a perversion of the idea of God | 44 |
| b. | Our limited intelligence | 46 |
| c. | Reality and value | 47 |
| d. | The shift from one class of knowledge to another | 48 |
| e. | The ethos of freedom from values | 49 |
| VII. | Servitude and Freedom of Mind | 50 |
| a. | The theory of the affects | 53 |
| b. | Description of bondage | 55 |
| c. | The idea and possibility of freedom | 56 |
| VIII. | Religion and the State | 62 |
| A. | Spinoza's Political Thinking | 65 |
| a. | Principles of necessity in political life | 66 |
| b. | The ideal state | 71 |
| Spinoza and Hobbes | 73 |
| B. | Religion in the State | 75 |
| a. | Reason and revelation | 78 |
| b. | The understanding of the Bible | 80 |
| c. | Freedom of thought | 82 |
| C. | Critical Characterization of Spinoza's Views of Religion and Politics | 84 |
| a. | Lack of clarity as to the relationship between science and philosophy | 84 |
| Spinoza as a scientist | 88 |
| b. | Biblical science, faith, philosophy | 89 |
| c. | Objections to Spinoza's conception of God | 93 |
| d. | Spinoza's destiny and personal decisions | 99 |
| e. | Spinoza and the Jewish question | 102 |
| IX. | Critical Characterization of Spinoza's Philosophy | 108 |
| a. | A glance at Spinoza's philosophy and character | 108 |
| b. | Spinoza's limitations | 112 |
| X. | Spinoza's Influence | 116 |
| Bibliography | 119 |
| Index of Names | 121 |
