Stalag Luft III: An Official History of the POW Camp of the Great Escape

Opened in March 1942 to house captured Allied airmen, particularly officers, Stammlager Luft III at Sagan was built to make escape—especially tunneling—particularly difficult. This did not stop the prisoners who dug through more than one hundred yards of loose sand, enabling seventy-six men to flee. All but three of the men were recaptured, however, and fifty were executed by the Germans. This camp was known for two famous prisoner escapes that took place there by tunneling, which were depicted in the films The Wooden Horse (1950) and The Great Escape (1963).

The official history of the camp was prepared for the War Office but was never released to the general public. It explains the German administration and running of the camp, the food and conditions the prisoners endured, and the means by which morale was maintained under such trying circumstances. Considerable space is devoted to the escapes and their careful preparation as well as the anti-escape measures undertaken by the guards. This account provides the reader with an accurate and unprecedented insight into life in a German POW camp in the latter years of World War II.

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Stalag Luft III: An Official History of the POW Camp of the Great Escape

Opened in March 1942 to house captured Allied airmen, particularly officers, Stammlager Luft III at Sagan was built to make escape—especially tunneling—particularly difficult. This did not stop the prisoners who dug through more than one hundred yards of loose sand, enabling seventy-six men to flee. All but three of the men were recaptured, however, and fifty were executed by the Germans. This camp was known for two famous prisoner escapes that took place there by tunneling, which were depicted in the films The Wooden Horse (1950) and The Great Escape (1963).

The official history of the camp was prepared for the War Office but was never released to the general public. It explains the German administration and running of the camp, the food and conditions the prisoners endured, and the means by which morale was maintained under such trying circumstances. Considerable space is devoted to the escapes and their careful preparation as well as the anti-escape measures undertaken by the guards. This account provides the reader with an accurate and unprecedented insight into life in a German POW camp in the latter years of World War II.

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Stalag Luft III: An Official History of the POW Camp of the Great Escape

Stalag Luft III: An Official History of the POW Camp of the Great Escape

by John Grehan
Stalag Luft III: An Official History of the POW Camp of the Great Escape

Stalag Luft III: An Official History of the POW Camp of the Great Escape

by John Grehan

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Overview


Opened in March 1942 to house captured Allied airmen, particularly officers, Stammlager Luft III at Sagan was built to make escape—especially tunneling—particularly difficult. This did not stop the prisoners who dug through more than one hundred yards of loose sand, enabling seventy-six men to flee. All but three of the men were recaptured, however, and fifty were executed by the Germans. This camp was known for two famous prisoner escapes that took place there by tunneling, which were depicted in the films The Wooden Horse (1950) and The Great Escape (1963).

The official history of the camp was prepared for the War Office but was never released to the general public. It explains the German administration and running of the camp, the food and conditions the prisoners endured, and the means by which morale was maintained under such trying circumstances. Considerable space is devoted to the escapes and their careful preparation as well as the anti-escape measures undertaken by the guards. This account provides the reader with an accurate and unprecedented insight into life in a German POW camp in the latter years of World War II.


Product Details

ISBN-13: 9781473883055
Publisher: Naval Institute Press
Publication date: 03/15/2017
Pages: 256
Product dimensions: 6.50(w) x 9.30(h) x 1.40(d)

About the Author


JOHN GREHAN has written, edited, or contributed to more than three hundred military history books, journals and magazines. He is the former assistant editor of Britain at War magazine.

Table of Contents

Foreword Howard Tuck xiii

Publisher's Note xv

Abbreviations xvi

Part I East (Officers') Compound, April 1942 to January 1945

Chapter 1 Description and Conditions 1

Location 1

Number of Ps/ W and Accommodation 1

German Administration 2

P/W Administration 3

Roll Calls 3

Food 5

Clothing 6

Searches 6

German Anti-Escape Measures 6

Punishment for Escape Activities 8

Education 8

Library 9

Sports 9

Theatre 9

Religion 9

Shooting Incidents, etc. 10

P/W Morale 11

Medical 11

Reprisals 12

Finance 12

Chapter 2 Escape Organisation 13

Control by Camp Authorities 13

Planning 15

Security 16

Clothing 19

Forgery 22

Food 23

Maps 24

Compasses 25

Escape Intelligence 25

Supplies 27

Carpentry 30

Metal Work 30

Leather Work 31

Tools 31

Gadgets 31

Tunnel Construction 32

Gate Walk-Out Schemes 38

Wire Schemes 42

Wall Schemes 45

Transport Schemes 45

Miscellaneous Schemes 46

Number of Escapes 46

Number of Attempted Escapes 46

Mass Attempts 47

Summary of Methods 47

Chapter 3 Escape Material 48

Requirements 48

Aids received from I.S.9 50

Remarks on Packing 51

Concealment of Escape Aids - Gadgets etc. 51

Acquirement of Special Parcels 52

Dangers of Stealing Parcels 52

Chapter 4 Censorship by Germans 53

Method 53

Results 55

Object of Censorship 56

Parcel Markings 56

Comments 56

Chapter 5 Code-Letter Mail 57

Introduction 57

Organisation 57

Security 65

Duration of Each Code User's Activities 65

Comment 66

Criticisms by Coding Staff 66

Chapter 6 Radio 67

Introduction and Construction 67

Operation 67

Maintenance 68

Security 68

Dissemination of News 69

Value and Remarks 70

W/T Communications - Introduction 70

Organisation - Receipt of Messages 70

Value and Remarks 71

Transmitters 71

Chapter 7 News Letters 72

Introduction 72

Opinions 72

Chapter 8 Intelligence 73

Military Information 73

Internal Se-ciuilv 75

Inter-Compound and Inter-Camp Communication 76

Chapter 9 Anti-German Propaganda 78

Introduction and Method 78

Results 79

Chapter 10 Successful Escapes 84

Part II Centre (N.C.O.s') Compound, April 1942 to June 1943

Chapter 11 Description and Conditions 97

Number of P's/W and Accommodation 97

German Administration 98

P/W Administration 98

Roll Calls 99

Food 101

Coming 102

Searches 102

German Anti-Escape Measures 102

Punishment for escape activities etc. 105

Education 105

Library 105

Sports 106

Amateur theatricals etc. 106

Religion 107

Shooting incidents etc. 107

P/W Morale 108

Medical 108

Chapter 12 Escape Organisation 109

Control by Camp Authorities 109

Planning 111

Security 111

Clothing 112

Forgery 113

Food 114

A4aps 115

Compasses 115

Escape Intelligence 115

Supplies 116

Carpentry 119

Metal Work 120

Leather Work 120

Tools 120

Gadgets 120

Tunnel Construction 120

Gate Walk-Out Schemes 122

Wire Schemes 125

Wall Schemes 127

Transport Schemes 127

Miscellaneous Schemes 127

Number of Escapers 128

Number of Attempted Escapes 12S

Mass Attempts 128

Summary of Methods 128

Chapter 13 Escape Material 130

Requirements 130

Aids received from I.S.9 131

Remarks on Packing 131

Concealment of Special Parcels 132

Acquirement of Special Parcels 132

Dangers of Stealing Parcels 132

Material Available/Acquirable on the Spot 132

Chapter 14 Censorship by Germans 133

Method 133

Results 135

Object of Censorship 135

Parcel Markings 136

Comments 136

Chapter 15 Code-Letter Mail 137

Introduction 137

Organisation 137

Security 140

Duration of Each Code User's Activities 140

Chapter 16 Radio and News Letters 141

Introduction and Construction 141

Operation 141

Maintenance 141

Security 141

Dissemination of News 142

Value and Remarks 143

W/T Communications - Introduction 143

Transmitters 143

News Letter 143

Chapter 17 Intelligence 144

Military Information 144

Internal Security 144

Chapter 18 Anti-German Propaganda 145

Introduction and Method 145

Results 145

Part III North (Officers') Compound, March 1943 to January 1945

Chapter 19 Introduction 149

Number of P's/W and Accommodation 149

German Administration 150

P/W Administration 150

Roll Calls 150

Food 150

Clothing 151

Searches 151

German Anti-Escape Measures 151

Punishment for escape activities etc. 152

Education 152

Library 152

Sports 152

Theatre 152

Religion 152

Shooting incidents etc. 152

P/W Morale 153

Medical 153

Reprisals 153

Finance 153

Chapter 20 Escape Organisation 154

Control by Camp Authorities 154

Planning 157

Security 158

Clothing 159

Forgery 161

Food 164

Maps 164

Compasses 165

Escape Intelligence 165

Supplies 169

Carpentry 170

Metal Work 170

Leather Work 171

Tools 171

Gadgets 171

Tunnel Construction 171

Gate Walk-Out Schemes 183

Wire Scheme 184

Wall Schemes 184

Transport Schemes 184

Miscellaneous Schemes 185

Number of Escapers 185

Number of Attempted Escapes 185

Mass Attempts 185

Court Martial of Members of German Camp Staff 214

Summary of Methods 231

Chapter 21 Censorship by Germans 232

Chapter 22 Radio 233

Introduction and Construction 233

Operation 233

Maintenance 234

Security 234

Dissemination of News 235

Value and Remarks 236

W/T Communications - Introduction 236

Organisation - Receipt of Messages 236

Transmitters 236

Chapter 23 Successful. Escapes 237

Part IV Centre (Officers') Compound, July 1943 to January 1944

Chapter 24 Description and Conditions of Compound 245

General 245

Escape Organisations 246

Escape Attempts 249

Code-Letter Mail 250

Radio 250

News Letters 250

Anti-German Propaganda 250

Part V Belaria (Officers') Compound, January 1944 to January 1945

Chapter 25 Description and Conditions of Compound 253

Number of Ps/ VV and Accommodation 253

German Administration 254

Roll Calls 254

Food 254

Clothing 254

German Anti-Escape Measures 255

Education 255

Library 255

Sports 255

Amateur Theatricals etc. 255

Religion 255

Shooting Incidents etc. 256

Morale 256

Medical 256

Reprisals 256

Finance 256

Chapter 26 Escape Organisation 257

Planning 257

Security 258

Clothing 258

Forgery 259

Food 260

Maps 260

Compasses 260

Chapter 27 Escape Matters 261

Supplies 261

Carpentry and Metal Work 262

Tunnels 262

Attempted Escapes 263

Escape Material 265

Chapter 28 Sundry Information 266

Censorship by the Germans 266

Code-Letters Mail 266

Radio 266

News Letters 268

Anti-German Propaganda 268

Compound Defence Scheme 268

Index of Names 269

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