The Transcendental Temptation: A Critique of Religion and the Paranormal
In this landmark work, Paul Kurtz examines the reasons why people accept supernatural and paranormal belief systems in spite of substantial evidence to the contrary. According to Kurtz, it is because there is within the human species a deeply rooted tendency toward magical thinking—the “transcendental temptation”—which undermines critical judgment and paves the way for willful beliefs.

Kurtz explores in detail the three major monotheistic religions—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam—finding striking psychological and sociological parallels between these religions, the spiritualism of the nineteenth century, and the paranormal belief systems of today. This acclaimed and controversial book includes sections on mysticism, belief in the afterlife, the existence of God, reincarnation, astrology, and ufology. Kurtz concludes by explaining and advocating rational skepticism as an antidote to belief in the transcendental.
1113626968
The Transcendental Temptation: A Critique of Religion and the Paranormal
In this landmark work, Paul Kurtz examines the reasons why people accept supernatural and paranormal belief systems in spite of substantial evidence to the contrary. According to Kurtz, it is because there is within the human species a deeply rooted tendency toward magical thinking—the “transcendental temptation”—which undermines critical judgment and paves the way for willful beliefs.

Kurtz explores in detail the three major monotheistic religions—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam—finding striking psychological and sociological parallels between these religions, the spiritualism of the nineteenth century, and the paranormal belief systems of today. This acclaimed and controversial book includes sections on mysticism, belief in the afterlife, the existence of God, reincarnation, astrology, and ufology. Kurtz concludes by explaining and advocating rational skepticism as an antidote to belief in the transcendental.
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The Transcendental Temptation: A Critique of Religion and the Paranormal

The Transcendental Temptation: A Critique of Religion and the Paranormal

by Paul Kurtz
The Transcendental Temptation: A Critique of Religion and the Paranormal

The Transcendental Temptation: A Critique of Religion and the Paranormal

by Paul Kurtz

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Overview

In this landmark work, Paul Kurtz examines the reasons why people accept supernatural and paranormal belief systems in spite of substantial evidence to the contrary. According to Kurtz, it is because there is within the human species a deeply rooted tendency toward magical thinking—the “transcendental temptation”—which undermines critical judgment and paves the way for willful beliefs.

Kurtz explores in detail the three major monotheistic religions—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam—finding striking psychological and sociological parallels between these religions, the spiritualism of the nineteenth century, and the paranormal belief systems of today. This acclaimed and controversial book includes sections on mysticism, belief in the afterlife, the existence of God, reincarnation, astrology, and ufology. Kurtz concludes by explaining and advocating rational skepticism as an antidote to belief in the transcendental.

Product Details

ISBN-13: 9781616148287
Publisher: Prometheus Books
Publication date: 09/10/2013
Sold by: Penguin Random House Publisher Services
Format: eBook
Pages: 516
File size: 2 MB

About the Author

Paul Kurtz (1925-2012), professor emeritus of philosophy at the State University of New York at Buffalo and a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, was the author or editor of more than fifty books, including The Transcendental Temptation, The Courage to Become, and Embracing the Power of Humanism, plus nine hundred articles and reviews. He was the founder and chairman of the Center for Inquiry, the Council for Secular Humanism, and the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. He appeared on many major television and radio talk shows and has lectured at universities worldwide.


From the Trade Paperback edition.

Table of Contents

Foreword: Paul Kurtz and the Transcendency of Skepticism Michael Shermer 13

Preface to the paperback edition 19

Preface: The skeptic versus the believer 21

Introduction: Not for philosophers only 29

Philosophy and the new media 34

The need for reflective wisdom 37

Part 1 Skepticism and the Meaning of Life

I Meaning and transcendence 45

The value of life: Things left unsaid 45

Why has secular humanism failed to take hold? 51

The quest for transcendence 52

II Skepticism 56

Skepticism as unlimited doubt 56

Skepticism as selective doubt 64

III The scientific method 72

What is science? 72

Subjectivistic methodology 75

Testing truth-claims in science 78

Evidence 78

Logical coherence 83

Pragmatic consequences 86

Vindication of the scientific method 87

IV Critical intelligence 93

Rationalism 93

What is critical intelligence? 94

A catalogue of intellectual skills 96

The role of education 100

V The justification of belief 103

Deferring to custom 103

The appeal to emotion 107

The appeal to authority 109

Subjectivism and intuition 114

Faith as justification for belief 117

Part 2 Mysticism, Revelation, and God

VI The appeal to mysticism 129

What is mysticism? 130

Some naturalistic explanations 136

Hallucinogens and mysticism 142

Evaluating the mystical-psychedelic experience 144

VII The Jesus myth 146

The appeal to revelation and miracles 146

Biblical criticism 147

Did Jesus exist? 150

Who was the historical Jesus? 159

The critics of Jesus 165

The ministry of Jesus 167

The ethical teachings of Jesus 168

Was Jesus disturbed? 173

Was Jesus a magician? 175

Miracles attributed to Jesus 178

Objections to miracles 181

Some alternative naturalistic explanations 184

The crucifixion and death of Jesus 191

The resurrection: What is the evidence? 198

Conclusion 206

VIII Moses and the chosen people 208

Was Moses an Egyptian? 212

What do pagan sources say? 215

The revelations of Moses 219

Was Moses a magician? 226

Moses the lawgiver 237

The promised land 249

Postmodern postscript 251

Summary: Some humanistic reflections 254

IX Mohammed: The prophet of Islam 255

Background 256

Historical documents 257

First revelations 260

A psychophysiological diagnosis 263

The first converts 266

Medina: The sword of Islam 269

Prophet of Allah 276

Obedience to God-the highest virtue 281

X Sundry prophets: Greater and lesser 285

Joseph Smith and the Book of Mormon 286

Joseph Smith, money-digger 286

Joseph Smith, the prophet 298

Building a new church 307

Polygamy 313

The Book of Abraham 317

William Miller and doomsday prophecy 319

Ellen G. White: Inspired prophet 326

Revelations and visions from on high 326

Was Ellen White a plagiarist? 333

False prophets 335

Conclusion: The argument from revelation reappraised 337

XI Does God exist? Deity and impermanence 345

Why disorder and chaos? 347

Is there an underlying order? 355

The cosmological argument 357

The inflationary-universe scenario 364

The argument from design 367

The ontological argument: What is God? 376

The meaning of the concept of God 379

What is left? Natural piety 381

Part 3 Science and the Paranormal

XII Scientists, spiritualists, and mediums 385

The Fox sisters: Who's that rapping on my floor? 386

D. D. Home: He floats through the air with the greatest of ease 396

Levitating over London 401

The Society for Psychical Research 404

Eusapia Palladino 410

Science, deception, and the predisposition to believe 416

XIII The paranormal: psychics, ESP, and parapsychology 427

Parapsychology and paranormal religion: J. B. Rhine 428

Does ESP exist? 434

The Soal scandal 444

Uri Geller: Superpsychic 459

Conclusion 470

XIV Is there life after life? 475

Logical objections 477

Evidential questions 478

Reincarnation: Past lives 485

The argument from value 488

XV Space-age religions: Astrology and UFOlogy 493

Astrology 494

Historical assumptions 494

Scientific criticisms 499

Sun-sign astrology 503

Horoscopes 506

Conclusion: Why does astrology persist? 509

UFOlogy and extraterrestrial life 511

Abductions 512

The extraterrestrial hypothesis and UFOs 518

Typical examples of UFO sightings 522

Other monsters, other seas, other galaxies 523

Part 4 Beyond Religion

XVI The transcendental temptation 529

Magical thinking 529

Is magical thinking acausal? 534

The role of creative imagination 538

Does religion have a biogenetic basis? 544

The moral function of religion 550

The quest for ethnicity 555

Celebrating the rites of passage 558

Can we transcend the transcendental temptation? 562

Notes 569

Index 587

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