Theodor Reik (12 May 1888 in Wien — 31 December 1969 in New York City) was a prominent psychoanalyst who trained as one of Freud's first students in Vienna, Austria. Reik received a Ph.D. degree in psychology from the University of Vienna in 1912. Reik presents a forceful criticism of traditional Freudian theory in this book. Freud had believed that love is always based on some form of sexual desire. Reik argues, to the contrary, that love and lust are distinct motivational forces.