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    XEnding Poverty: A Basic Income for All Canadians

    XEnding Poverty: A Basic Income for All Canadians

    by Francois XBlais, Jennifer XHutchison (Translator)

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    FRAN OIS BLAIS is Professor of Political Science at the University of Laval. He is co-editor of a book on liberalism and nationalism published by the Presses de l\Universit Laval and the author of many articles concerning social justice issues.'

    Table of Contents

    Foreword

    Acknowledgements

    Introduction

    Chapter I
    Waging War Against Poverty Instead of the Poor
    Essential background
    A BI or guaranteed annual income?
    A few examples of possible names
    The unconditionality feature
    Understanding poverty in industrialized nations
    "Non-working" poor
    "Working" poor
    Fighting against exclusion without increasing poverty
    Giving more to the jobless?
    Increasing the minimum wage?
    Avoiding the situation of favouring one group over the other
    Poverty and unemployment traps
    When it is more worthwhile to do nothing than to work
    When living with one or more people only makes things worse
    Deconstructing a culture of poverty
    Another route to take: BI
    Fighting the unemployment trap while avoiding workfare
    Finding a different way of "taxing" the poor
    Improving opportunities for job holders
    Finding a more distributive structure that is better for nonworkers

    Chapter 2
    Reconciling Efficiency and Fairness in a Changing World
    Two values not to be separated: efficiency and justice
    Efficiency and Justice do not need to compete with one another
    Attempting to define these two values
    "Everyone according to their worth" is not an acceptable standard
    What kind of equality are we looking for?
    The economic role of social policies
    Limits of market mechanisms
    What the government can do to help the economy
    The place for income security in a healthy economy
    Challenging the welfare state
    New constraints of a changing world
    The first steps made by the contemporary welfare state
    The end of this model
    Victims of the "new economy"
    Economic grounds for a Basic Income
    Ease of administration and transparency of transfers
    Less bureaucracy and more financial security
    Where everyone has the same advantages in working
    Supporting poorly paid activities
    More flexibility in work organization
    What will happen to the minimum wage?
    And what about other salaries?
    Diversifying incomes rather than focusing completely on work
    A Basic Income and social justice

    Putting a Basic Income in an intellectual and political context
    Giving to everyone, including the "lazy"
    Inequality of opportunities and circumstances that permeate our lives
    Redistributing wealth while respecting dignity
    The priority of the right to income over the right to work
    Increasing opportunities for those who have the least

    Chapter 3
    Achieving a Basic Income Starting Now
    The challenges of change Preliminary thoughts on costs
    A look at two complementary notions
    Why does a Basic income cost more
    Various funding options to explore
    Relying on an increase of business activity and on savings generated by simplifying bureaucracy
    Giving only to those who arc "truly in need"
    Not individualizing transfers
    Requiring a consideration in exchange for a guaranteed income
    Broadening the tax base
    Starting with a partial allowance
    Short-term implementation scenario
    A modest yet individualized, tax-free and cumulative benefit
    Some revealing figures
    Progressively relinquishing non-workers from the poverty trap
    Increasing the net income of the working population
    Decreasing net income ror some and increasing marginal tax rates for others
    Is a Basic Income politically realistic?
    The future of a Basic Income and the welfare state
    Indexing Basic Income to make it more generous
    Replacing the student loan and grant program and re-evaluating social insurance
    Strengthening the universal pension plan
    Making sure that everyone pays his or her fair share
    The future of social partnership
    Reconciling justice with democracy
    Reducing the fiscal sovereignty of governments if necessary
    Strong social partnership but transparent economic relationships
    A global Basic Income?

    Conclusion

    Appendix A

    Appendix B

    Vocabulary

    Endnotes

    Bibliography

    Index of proper names and subjects

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    As Canada's social safety net continues to be eroded and the gap between rich and poor in our society continues to grow, it becomes increasingly urgent to confront the problems of poverty in fresh and creative ways.

    Political scientist Fran ois Blais offers a bold new proposal to assist the poorest and most disadvantaged in our society: a guaranteed basic income, or allowance, to be paid to every Canadian citizen. Elaborating on ideas endorsed by two Nobel laureates, Blais outlines how a program might be implemented that would replace the present profusion of social assistance programs with a single, universal benefit.

    Stimulating and original, Ending Poverty offers an important contribution to the ongoing debate over social justice in this country.

    Originally published in French as Un revenu garanti pour tous.
    Translated by Jennifer Hutchison.

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    Social Sciences
    Current Affairs & Politics
    Sociology
    Social Services & Welfare
    Social Problems
    Poverty
    Welfare - Service & Policies
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