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    Enterprise Class Mobile Application Development: A Complete Lifecycle Approach for Producing Mobile Apps

    by Leigh Williamson, Roland Barcia, Omkar Chandgadkar, Ashish Mathur, Soma Ray, Darrell Schrag, Roger Snook, Jianjun Zhang


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    Leigh Williamson is an IBM Distinguished Engineer who has been working in the Austin, Texas lab since 1989, contributing to IBM’s major software projects including OS/2, DB2, AIX, Java, WebSphere Application Server and associated family of products, the Rational brand of software offerings, the MobileFirst line of solutions, and the IBM Cloud products and services. He is currently a member of the IBM Cloud Strategy team, influencing the direction for the IBM Cloud portfolio. You can follow Leigh on twitter @leighawillia. He holds a B.S. degree in Computer Science from Nova University and an M.S. degree in Computer Engineering from University of Texas at Austin.

    Roland Barcia is an IBM Distinguished Engineer and CTO for the Mobile IBM Cloud Support and Lab Services. Roland is responsible for technical thought leadership and strategy, practice technical vitality, and technical enablement. He works with many enterprise clients on mobile strategy and implementations. He is the coauthor of four books and has published more than 50 articles and papers on topics such as mobile technologies, Bluemix, IBM MobileFirst, Java, Ajax, REST, and messaging technologies. He frequently presents at conferences and to customers on various technologies. Roland has spent the past 16 years implementing mobile, API, middleware systems on various platforms, including Sockets, CORBA, Java EE, SOA, REST, web, and mobile platforms. He has a master’s degree in computer science from the New Jersey Institute of Technology.

    Omkar Chandgadkar is an experience designer with a background in computer engineering and Human Computer Interaction. At IBM, he is involved in conducting strategic research for developer tools and designing for the complex challenges of enterprise customers. Through his work, Omkar strives to design experiences that solve user problems and generate business value.

    Ashish Mathur is an IBM Senior Technical Staff Member and Lead Software Architect for IBM Rational functional testing tools and has the mission to build the next-generation mobile and desktop web-testing software. He has been working on automated testing software since 1993 contributing to major IBM and Rational testing software, including Rational Test Workbench, RFT, RQM, RPT, and Rational Test manager. He has been in multiple roles in automated testing including that of a tester, consultant, subject matter expert, and a developer of the tools. He works out of the IBM India Software Labs in Bangalore, India.

    Soma Ray is a UX strategist with research and design backgrounds. With educational background in Electronics, Business Administration, and Human Computer Interaction from University of Pune, India and University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Soma has always strived to make technology more accessible and empathetic for its users. She has worked in the enterprise technology industry and currently works for the IBM Design Studio in Austin Texas.

    Darrell Schrag is a 27-year software professional having spent significant time in the DoD/Aerospace and Financial Services industries. Darrell joined Rational Software in 1993 to bring software-development practices and tools to successful customers. Darrell continues to contribute to customer success with IBM after its acquisition of Rational Software. Darrell has spent time at IBM as a Rational services consultant as well as a worldwide mobile and DevOps specialist. Darrell is currently a Cloud Advisor in the IBM Cloud business unit, helping customers find their best path forward with IBM cloud solutions.

    Roger Snook brings 25 years of software product innovation and consultative engagements across several industries focused on developer and project productivity to drive good business results--good design is good business! Roger is an IBM Certified Expert IT Specialist, Open Group Master IT Specialist, and an OMG Certified UML Professional in the Washington DC/West Virginia area, and holds a B.S. degree in Computer Science from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York. You can find Roger on several social networks or volunteering in his local community youth soccer or faith-based activities.

    Jianjun Zhang is a Senior Technical Staff Member in IBM’s Systems group, Middleware division. In the past number of years, he worked on exciting projects including helping to integrate Worklight into IBM’s MobileFirst portfolio to become the foundation of the mobile strategy, leading a SaaS product development that helps business developers create mobile and web applications for departmental use without having to master coding skills. Lately, he is building cloud services to help business individuals and organizations alike to develop and manage cloud applications, Internet of Things devices, and business insights. He has a Bachelor’s degree from Fudan University in China and a Master’s degree from Northern Illinois University in the United States.

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    Table of Contents

    Preface      xvii
    Acknowledgments      xxi
    About the Author      xxiii
    Chapter 1: Mobile: The New Generation of Information Technology      1

    Why Businesses Are Adopting Mobile Applications      1
    Driving Business Process Innovation      1
    A Formula for Designing Engaging Systems      2
    Unique Challenges for Development of Engaging Applications      4
    Form Factors and User Input Technology      4
    Usability and User Interaction Design      4
    Choice of Implementation Technology      5
    Mobile Application Build and Delivery      6
    Testing      7
    Enterprise Mobile Development      7
    Summary      8
    Chapter 2: Mobile Development Lifecycle Overview      9
    Introduction      9
    DevOps and Enterprise Mobile Development Lifecycle Overview      11
    A DevOps Approach Is Core to Delivering Client Value      11
    One Essential View of DevOps: The Mobile Developer Perspective      12
    Sprint 1: “Hello World”--Initial Operating Capability and Prototype      13
    Design--The Big Picture      14
    Integrate: Enterprise Services and Data      17
    Test: Manual Testing Is Better than No Testing      18
    Test: Simulate/Preview      18
    Sprint 2: “Hello DevOps!”--Improve Developer Productivity      19
    Develop: Productivity with Wizards and Mobile Platform Portability      19
    Instrument: Quality Assurance and Testing “In the Wild”      19
    Test: Code-Centric and Unit Testing      20
    Deploy: Automate Your Deployment Pipeline      21
    Sprint 3: “Software Delivery Is a Team Sport!”      23
    Develop: Agile Planning      23
    Develop: Work Items (Defects, Enhancement Requests)      23
    Develop: Application Lifecycle Management (ALM) Imperatives      24
    Test: Improving Manual, Automating User Interface Tests, and Test Data Management      26
    Sprint 4: “Ruggedized for the AppStore”      27
    Test: “FURPS” and Virtualization      27
    Scan and Certify      28
    Obtain Insight: Application Quality Feedback and Analytics      28
    Sprint 5: “Optimizing Enterprise DevOps”      29
    Integrate: Enterprise Developer Integration      29
    Instrument and Obtain Insight: Customer Experience (CX) and Campaign Management      31
    Obtain (AppStore) Insight: Mobile Quality Assurance      32
    Manage: Application Versions, Updates, and More!      33
    Summary      35
    Chapter 3: Design Quality Is Crucial, Make the Investment Up-Front      37
    Overview      37
    Why Is Design Important?      37
    Scope of Design in Mobile App Development      37
    Design Research      38
    Information Architecture      38
    Interaction Design      38
    Visual Design      38
    Overarching Design Principles and Guidelines      39
    Discover, Try, and Buy      39
    Get Started      39
    Everyday Use      40
    Manage and Upgrade      42
    Leverage and Extend      42
    Get Support      42
    Designing for Enterprise Mobile      42
    Designing the IBM Way      42
    Core Practices      43
    Some Design Methods      45
    Understand      45
    Explore      46
    Prototype      50
    Evaluate      53
    Summary      54
    Chapter 4: Mobile Application Development      55
    The Mobile App      55
    Factors for Choosing      56
    How Should I Build Applications?      58
    The Case for Cloud      58
    Mobile App Architectural Components      61
    Mobile Device Components      61
    Public Network Components      63
    Provider Cloud Service Components      63
    Enterprise Network Components      68
    Complete Picture      68
    Mobile App Flow      68
    Mobile App Deployment Considerations      71
    Summary      74
    Chapter 5: Mobile Enterprise--Beyond the Mobile End-Point      75
    Building Mobile Apps Powered by Enterprise Backend      75
    Connecting the Mobile App with Enterprise IT Services and Data      76
    Types of IT Backends to Integrate from Mobile Apps      78
    Type of API Protocols      80
    Security Integration      81
    IBM DataPower XG45 Security Gateway      84
    Mobile Devices Security Considerations      86
    Loss and Theft      87
    Malware      89
    Phishing      90
    Understanding the Worklight Security Integration Framework      90
    Secured Data Store and Synchronization      92
    Enterprise Mobile Application Management and Device Management      92
    Special Challenges in Managing Mobile Applications and Devices      93
    Example Product: IBM MaaS360      94
    Architectural Choices for Secured Enterprise Connectivity      95
    Summary      98
    Chapter 6: A Comprehensive Approach to Testing of Mobile Applications      99
    Why Is Quality Essential?      99
    When Should Quality Be in Focus?      100
    What Is the Cost of Quality?      100
    Automated versus Manual Testing     100
    Preproduction versus Postrelease     101
    Automated Mobile App Testing Considerations     103
    Test Devices     103
    Emulators and Simulators     103
    Device Clouds     103
    Crowd-Sourced Testing     104
    Using Service Virtualization to Isolate Mobile Code     105
    Mobile Test Automation Techniques     105
    Mobile App Programmatic Instrumentation     105
    Random Generated Mobile Tests     106
    Image Recognition Automated Mobile Tests     107
    Making Manual Testing More Effective     107
    Crash Data Capture and Analysis     108
    Performance Testing     109
    Load and Stress Performance Testing     109
    Mobile Client Resource Metrics     109
    User Sentiment as a Measure of Quality     110
    Summary     111
    Chapter 7: Best Practices of Mobile DevOps     113
    What Is DevOps?      113
    Some Definitions     113
    The IBM DevOps Solution     115
    Plan and Measure     115
    Develop and Test     116
    Release and Deploy     116
    Monitor and Optimize     116
    DevOps Best Practices     116
    Plan and Track Everything     116
    Dashboard Everything     117
    Version Everything     117
    Automate Everything     118
    Test Everything     118
    Monitor Everything     118
    Mobile DevOps Challenges     119
    Fragmented Platforms     119
    Mobile Applications Front a Complex Enterprise Back Office     119
    App Stores Add Additional Asynchronous Deployment Step     121
    Security, Code Signing, and Keystores     121
    Testing     121
    Mobile DevOps Best Practices     121
    Practice Continuous Integration/Delivery and Automate Builds and Deployments     121
    Test Each Build     122
    Simulate Backend Services to Expand Testing Environment Availability     123
    Monitor Deployed Application and Backend Server Performance     124
    Centralize Governance of Provisioning Profiles, Certificates, and API Keys     126
    Use a Private App Store to Test Deployment Devices     126
    Convert Real User Feedback to Enhancement     126
    Summary     127
    Chapter 8: Conclusions and Further Readings     129
    Conclusions     129
    Further Readings     130
    Chapter 2: Development Lifecycle     130
    Chapter 3: Design Related     131
    Chapter 4: Mobile Development     131
    Chapter 5: Mobile Server     132
    Chapter 6: Mobile Quality     132
    Chapter 7: Mobile DevOps     133
    Index     135

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     Build and Deploy Mobile Business Apps That Smoothly Integrate with Enterprise IT
    For today’s enterprises, mobile apps can have a truly transformational impact. However, to maximize their value, you can’t build them in isolation. Your new mobile apps must reflect the revolutionary mobile paradigm and delight today’s mobile users--but they must also integrate smoothly with existing systems and leverage previous generations of IT investment.

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