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    J. Robert Oppenheimer: A Life

    J. Robert Oppenheimer: A Life

    by Abraham Pais, Robert P. Crease (With)


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      ISBN-13: 9780199883202
    • Publisher: Oxford University Press
    • Publication date: 04/01/2006
    • Sold by: Barnes & Noble
    • Format: eBook
    • File size: 3 MB

    Abraham Pais was Detlev W. Bronk Professor Emeritus at The Rockefeller University in New York City. A leading theoretical physicist, he was also an esteemed science writer, the author of 'Subtle is the Lord...' for which he won the American Book Award, Inward Bound: Of Matter and Forces in the Physical World, Niels Bohr's Times, and several other books. Robert P. Crease is a Professor in the Department of Philosophy at the State University of New York, Stony Brook, and historian at Brookhaven National Laboratory. His most recent book is The Prism and the Pendulum: The Ten Most Beautiful Experiments in Science.

    Table of Contents

    Part One: An Introduction to Understanding Research

    CHAPTER 1: The Process of Research: Learning How Research Is Conducted and Reported

    HOW DO YOU IDENTIFY REPORTS OF RESEARCH?

    WHY DO YOU NEED TO READ RESEARCH REPORTS?

    WHERE DO YOU FIND REPORTS OF RESEARCH?

    WHAT STEPS DO RESEARCHERS TAKE WHEN CONDUCTING THEIR STUDIES?

    HOW DO YOU IDENTIFY THE STEPS OF THE RESEARCH PROCESS WITHIN THE MAJOR SECTIONS OF A RESEARCH ARTICLE?

    LET’S APPLY THE RESEARCH PROCESS TO READING ACTUAL STUDIES

    AN EXAMPLE OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH: THE PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY-IN—MIDDLE-SCHOOLS STUDY

    AN EXAMPLE OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH: THE PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY-AT-DAYCARE STUDY

    CHAPTER 2: Quantitative and Qualitative Research: Understanding Different Types of Study Reports
    HOW DO YOU IDENTIFY QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE RESEARCH STUDIES?

    HOW DO YOU EVALUATE QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE STUDIES?

    Part Two: Understanding the Introductions to Research Reports

    CHAPTER 3: The Statement of the Problem: Identifying Why a Study Is Important

    HOW DO YOU IDENTIFY THE STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM IN A RESEARCH STUDY?

    WHY DO RESEARCHERS NEED TO STUDY RESEARCH PROBLEMS?

    HOW DO YOU DISTINGUISH BETWEEN THE TYPES OF RESEARCH PROBLEMS FOUND IN QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE STUDIES?

    HOW DO YOU UNDERSTAND THE ELEMENTS OF A STUDY’S STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM?

    HOW DO YOU EVALUATE THE STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM IN A RESEARCH STUDY?

    AN EXAMPLE OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH: THE BULLYING-INTERVENTION STUDY

    CHAPTER 4: The Literature Review: Examining the Background for a Study
    HOW DO YOU IDENTIFY THE LITERATURE REVIEW IN A RESEARCH STUDY?

    HOW DO RESEARCHERS USE LITERATURE IN THEIR STUDIES?

    HOW DOES THE USE OF LITERATURE DIFFER IN QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE STUDIES?

    WHAT ARE THE STEPS THAT YOU CAN USE TO REVIEW THE LITERATURE?

    HOW DO YOU SYNTHESIZE LITERATURE AND WRITE A LITERATURE REVIEW?

    HOW DO YOU EVALUATE A LITERATURE REVIEW IN A RESEARCH STUDY?

    AN EXAMPLE OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH: THE ADOLESCENT-HOMELESSNESS STUDY

    CHAPTER 5: Purpose Statements, Research Questions, and Hypotheses: Identifying the Intent of a Study
    HOW DO YOU IDENTIFY THE PURPOSE IN A RESEARCH STUDY?

    HOW DOES THE RESEARCH PURPOSE DIFFER IN QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE STUDIES?

    HOW DO YOU IDENTIFY VARIABLES IN QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH?

    HOW DO YOU UNDERSTAND PURPOSE STATEMENTS, RESEARCH QUESTIONS, AND HYPOTHESES IN QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH?

    HOW DO YOU IDENTIFY A CENTRAL PHENOMENON IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH?

    HOW DO YOU UNDERSTAND PURPOSE STATEMENTS AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH?

    HOW DO YOU EVALUATE THE PURPOSE IN A RESEARCH STUDY?

    Part Three: Understanding the Method Sections and Results Sections of Quantitative Research Reports

    CHAPTER 6: Quantitative Research Designs: Recognizing the Overall Plan for a Study

    HOW DO YOU IDENTIFY THE RESEARCH DESIGN IN A QUANTITATIVE STUDY?

    WHAT CHARACTERISTICS DISTINGUISH THE DIFFERENT QUANTITATIVE

    RESEARCH DESIGNS?

    HOW DO YOU UNDERSTAND FIVE COMMON QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGNS?

    HOW DO YOU RECOGNIZE THE RESEARCH DESIGN IN A QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH REPORT?

    HOW DO YOU EVALUATE THE RESEARCH DESIGN IN A QUANTITATIVE STUDY?

    AN EXAMPLE OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH: THE EARLY-INTERVENTION-OUTCOMES STUDY

    CHAPTER 7: Participants and Data Collection: Identifying How Quantitative Information Is Gathered

    HOW DO YOU IDENTIFY THE PARTICIPANTS AND DATA COLLECTION IN A QUANTITATIVE STUDY?

    HOW DO YOU UNDERSTAND THE SELECTION OF SITES AND PARTICIPANTS IN A QUANTITATIVE STUDY?

    HOW DO YOU UNDERSTAND THE INSTRUMENTS USED TO GATHER QUANTITATIVE DATA IN A STUDY?

    HOW DO YOU UNDERSTAND THE PROCEDURES THAT RESEARCHERS USE WHEN COLLECTING QUANTITATIVE DATA?

    HOW DO YOU EVALUATE THE PARTICIPANTS AND DATA COLLECTION IN A QUANTITATIVE STUDY?

    CHAPTER 8: Data Analysis and Results: Examining What Was Found in a Quantitative Study
    HOW DO YOU IDENTIFY THE QUANTITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS IN A QUANTITATIVE STUDY?

    HOW DO YOU UNDERSTAND A STUDY’S QUANTITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS?

    HOW DO YOU UNDERSTAND THE RESULTS IN A QUANTITATIVE STUDY?

    HOW DO YOU EVALUATE THE DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS IN A QUANTITATIVE STUDY?

    Part Four: Understanding the Method Sections and Results Sections of Qualitative Research Reports

    CHAPTER 9: Qualitative Research Designs: Recognizing the Overall Plan for a Study

    HOW DO YOU IDENTIFY THE RESEARCH DESIGN IN A QUALITATIVE STUDY?

    WHAT CHARACTERISTICS DISTINGUISH THE DIFFERENT QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGNS?

    HOW DO YOU UNDERSTAND FOUR COMMON QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGNS?

    HOW DO YOU RECOGNIZE THE RESEARCH DESIGN IN A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH REPORT?

    HOW DO YOU EVALUATE THE RESEARCH DESIGN IN A QUALITATIVE STUDY?

    AN EXAMPLE OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH: THE ADOPTION-OF-PEDAGOGICAL-TOOLS STUDY

    CHAPTER 10: Participants and Data Collection: Identifying How Qualitative Information Is Gathered

    HOW DO YOU IDENTIFY THE PARTICIPANTS AND DATA COLLECTION IN A QUALITATIVE STUDY?

    HOW DO YOU UNDERSTAND THE SELECTION OF SITES AND PARTICIPANTS IN A QUALITATIVE STUDY?

    WHAT TYPES OF QUALITATIVE DATA DO RESEARCHERS COLLECT?

    HOW DO YOU UNDERSTAND THE COMMON QUALITATIVE DATA-COLLECTION PROCEDURES?

    HOW DO YOU UNDERSTAND THE ISSUES THAT ARE REPORTED ABOUT QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTION?

    HOW DO YOU EVALUATE THE PARTICIPANTS AND DATA COLLECTION IN A QUALITATIVE STUDY?

    CHAPTER 11: Data Analysis and Findings: Examining What Was Found in a Qualitative Study

    HOW DO YOU IDENTIFY THE QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS IN A QUALITATIVE STUDY?

    HOW DO YOU UNDERSTAND A STUDY’S QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS?

    HOW DO YOU UNDERSTAND THE FINDINGS IN A QUALITATIVE STUDY?

    HOW DO YOU EVALUATE THE DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS IN A QUALITATIVE STUDY?

    Part Five: Understanding Reports That Combine Quantitative and Qualitative Research

    CHAPTER 12: Mixed Methods Research: Studies That Mix Quantitative and Qualitative Research

    HOW DO YOU IDENTIFY THAT A STUDY USED MIXED METHODS RESEARCH?

    WHEN IS IT APPROPRIATE FOR RESEARCHERS TO HAVE USED MIXED METHODS RESEARCH IN THEIR STUDIES?

    WHAT CHARACTERISTICS DISTINGUISH THE DIFFERENT MIXED METHODS DESIGNS?

    HOW DO YOU UNDERSTAND THE COMMON MIXED METHODS RESEARCH DESIGNS?

    HOW DO YOU EVALUATE A MIXED METHODS RESEARCH STUDY?

    AN EXAMPLE OF MIXED METHODS RESEARCH: THE MIXED METHODS STUDENT NOTE TAKING STUDY

    CHAPTER 13: Action Research Designs: Research for Solving Practical Problems

    HOW DO YOU IDENTIFY THAT A STUDY USED ACTION RESEARCH?

    HOW DO YOU UNDERSTAND ACTION RESEARCH DESIGNS?

    HOW DO YOU PLAN YOUR OWN ACTION RESEARCH STUDY?

    HOW DO YOU EVALUATE AN ACTION RESEARCH STUDY?

    AN EXAMPLE OF ACTION RESEARCH: THE LEARNING-BY-TALKING ACTION RESEARCH STUDY

    Part Six: Understanding the Final Sections of Research Reports

    CHAPTER 14: Conclusions: Identifying the Interpretations and Implications of a Study

    HOW DO YOU IDENTIFY THE CONCLUSIONS AND SUPPORTING INFORMATION IN A STUDY REPORT?

    HOW DO YOU UNDERSTAND THE ELEMENTS DISCUSSED IN A STUDY’S CONCLUSION SECTION?

    HOW ARE CONCLUSIONS SIMILAR AND DIFFERENT AMONG THE DIFFERENT RESEARCH APPROACHES?

    WHAT INFORMATION IS INCLUDED IN THE BACK MATTER OF A RESEARCH REPORT?

    HOW DO YOU EVALUATE THE CONCLUSIONS AND BACK MATTER OF A RESEARCH REPORT?

    Appendix A-Suggested Answers to Short-Answer Questions from the Practicing Your Skills Activities

    Appendix B-Example of a Paper Written in the APA Style

    Glossary

    References

    Name Index

    Subject Index

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    The late Abraham Pais, author of the award winning biography of Albert Einstein, Subtle is the Lord, here offers an illuminating portrait of another of his eminent colleagues, J. Robert Oppenheimer, one of the most charismatic and enigmatic figures of modern physics. Pais introduces us to a precocious youth who sped through Harvard in three years, made signal contributions to quantum mechanics while in his twenties, and was instrumental in the growth of American physics in the decade before the Second World War, almost single-handedly bringing it to a state of prominence. He paints a revealing portrait of Oppenheimer's life in Los Alamos, where in twenty remarkable, feverish months, and under his inspired guidance, the first atomic bomb was designed and built, a success that made Oppenheimer America's most famous scientist. Pais describes Oppenheimer's long tenure as Director of the Institute of Advanced Study at Princeton, where the two men worked together closely. He shows not only Oppenheimer's brilliance and leadership, but also how his displays of intensity and arrogance won him powerful enemies, ones who would ultimately make him one of the principal victims of the Red Scare of the 1950s. J. Robert Oppenheimer is Abraham Pais's final work, completed after his death by Robert P. Crease, an acclaimed historian of science in his own right. Told with compassion and deep insight, it is the most comprehensive biography of the great physicist available. Anyone seeking an insider's portrait of this enigmatic man will find it indispensable.

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    From the Publisher

    "Understanding Research is true to its name; it is much more user friendly, it explains WHAT research IS. It does an EXCELLENT job of covering all of the material I currently cover. I am not a huge fan of qualitative research, but you (fortunately) force me to provide a balanced, comparative description of both kinds of research... I find the writing style to be clear, interesting and engaging. " -- Carol A. Friesen, Ball State University

    "The structure of the book is great. The clear learning objectives at the beginning of each chapter is helpful and the graphics throughout and the connections between them add consistency and further add to understanding for the students. I like the checking in on learning in the middle of the text and the little sidebars that help them apply their learning...[The authors use] language that helps the reader become engaged and invites them to start applying what they have learned to their situation immediately. The examples of the journal articles with the notations is very helpful and we use these for discussion in the class quite a bit... I also like the reviewing what we’ve learned and practicing your skills at the end of the chapter. I much prefer the consumer approach of this text over others on the market." -- Candyce Reynolds, Portland State University

    "We adopted this text because all of the manuscripts used as examples are from the field of education. Therefore, as students learn about the research construct being taught, they are better able to understand how the research construct works within educational contexts." -- Colleen Swain, University of Florida

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