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    The Efficiency Trap: Finding a Better Way to Achieve a Sustainable Energy Future

    The Efficiency Trap: Finding a Better Way to Achieve a Sustainable Energy Future

    4.0 1

    by Steve Hallett


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      ISBN-13: 9781616147266
    • Publisher: Prometheus Books
    • Publication date: 04/23/2013
    • Sold by: Penguin Random House Publisher Services
    • Format: eBook
    • Pages: 337
    • File size: 6 MB

    Steve Hallett (West Lafayette, IN) is the author (with John Wright) of Life without Oil: Why We Must Shift to a New Energy Future, as well as numerous journal articles. He is an associate professor in the Department of Botany and Plant Pathology at Purdue University.


    From the Trade Paperback edition.

    Table of Contents

    Prologue: The Eighth Deadly Sin 11

    Part 1 The Efficiency Paradox 17

    Chapter 1 The Petroleum Interval 19

    Why Now? Why So Suddenly? 19

    The Thermodynamics of Civilization 22

    A Double-Edged Sword 26

    Chapter 2 The Conventional Wisdom 31

    The Growth Imperative 31

    Killing Two Birds with One Stone 33

    The Fifth Fuel 34

    Feeding the Nine Billion 36

    Greenwashing 38

    Chapter 3 The Unconventional Wisdom 41

    The Coal Question 4l

    Conservation, Rebound, and Backfire 44

    Efficiency and Progress 49

    Efficiency with Declining Supplies 51

    Part 2 Efficiency Traps 55

    Ned, Gustavus, Henry, and Fred 55

    Chapter 4 Energy Efficiency Traps 59

    Planes, Trains, and Automobiles 60

    How Fridges Changed the World 63

    How Many Engineers Does It Take to Change a Lightbulb? 65

    The Efficient City Trap 68

    Chapter 5 The Energy Substitution Trap 73

    Energy Returned on Energy Invested 75

    The Fundamental Weakness of Renewable Energy 79

    Denial Is a River in Egypt 84

    Is the Hummer Greener Than the Prius? 86

    Why Biofuels Are for Biofools 91

    Efficient Oil and Gas Production: The Big Fracking Shale Mess 94

    Clean Coal and Other Oxymorons 97

    A Nuclear-Hydrogen Future? 99

    An Efficiency Bridge to the Future? 103

    Chapter 6 The Efficient Food Trap 105

    Good Intentions Pave the Way to Hell 105

    Why the Green Revolution Failed and the Next One Will, Too 107

    How the USDA and Monsanto Killed the Family Farm 109

    How Efficiency Spoiled the Organic Movement 117

    The Dismal Theorem 119

    Part 3 Thinking in Systems 123

    Chapter 7 Learning from Nature 125

    Why Efficiency Is No Substitute for Sex 126

    The Self-Assembling World 132

    Why Smokey the Bear Causes Wildfires 134

    Thinking in Systems 137

    Controlfreakonomics 141

    Productivity, Connectivity, and Resilience 145

    Efficiency as a System Trap 153

    Chapter 8 All the Oil in the World 155

    No Good Deed Goes Unpunished 155

    Conserve Oil: We Could, We Should, but We Won't 156

    Global Climate Change: Certainties and Uncertainties 158

    All the Oil We Can Burn, All the Carbon Dioxide We Can Emit 160

    Carbon Dioxide Is the Least Important Greenhouse Gas 162

    Fossil Fuels Are the Least Important Resources 165

    Drill, Baby, Drill 166

    Chapter 9 Efficient Business and Economy Traps 169

    Just in Time, Going Lean 171

    Why the Biggest Employer in America Causes Unemployment 174

    The CCPP Game 177

    The Myth of the Efficient Market 179

    An Efficient Global Economy 180

    Efficient Public Institutions 183

    Chapter 10 The Ecology of Collapse 189

    Is the Singularity Near? 191

    The Tragedy of the Commons 194

    Escalation and Addiction 197

    The Overshoot Trap 198

    Burning Bridges 200

    Efficient Control, Efficient Collapse 204

    The Ecology of War 208

    Part 4 Beyond Efficiency 213

    What Will You Do in the Thirties? 213

    Chapter 11 Resilience: Beyond Sustainability 217

    Biomimicry 218

    A Steady-State Economy 223

    Feedback Loops and Reinforcing Cycles 227

    Diversity and Equality 229

    Pick Your Battles 231

    Chapter 12 Strengthening Vital Systems 235

    Environmental and Social Triage 235

    Efficiency in Its Place 236

    Recycling and Down-Cycling 238

    Better by Design 241

    Protecting Wild Lands 243

    Power to the People 245

    The End of Suburbia: Ghetto or Transition Town? 251

    Building Sustainable Food Systems 256

    Chapter 13 Building Resilient Communities 265

    Swimming against the Tide 265

    The Three Pillars of Democracy 268

    The Three Pillars of Sustainability 270

    The Three Pillars of Resilience 272

    Epilogue: The Key that Unlocks the Efficiency Trap 277

    Acknowledgments 281

    Notes 283

    Index 307

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    One of the key tenets of the environmental movement is the need for greater efficiency in our use of dwindling natural resources, especially coal, natural gas, and oil. If our products are designed to be more energy efficient, so the thinking goes, our environmental impacts will be reduced and our fossil fuels will last longer. In this surprising new look at sustainability and conservation, environmentalist Steve Hallett argues that this thinking is fundamentally flawed. In fact, based on the example of coal use throughout the Industrial Revolution, more efficiency leads to more consumption, faster depletion of resources, and ultimately more stress on the planet. This is the efficiency trap.

    How do we avoid this trap? Hallett suggests that we focus on protecting natural resources, ecosystems, and social systems by making them more resilient. Knowing that we have reached limits to growth, we should work to decentralize energy-delivery services to give homes and communities some measure of independence. We can also build more sustainable food systems by diversifying the food-production landscape to address the vulnerabilities of the current supply chain.

    Efficiency does have its place in specific areas such as recycling and home insulation, but it will not work as a long-term approach to our energy dilemma. Yet recognizing the inevitable limits to our growth and the shortcomings of our current approach to addressing our dwindling resources is a necessary first step toward the establishment of sound environmental policy.

    This realistic appraisal of current environmental thinking will challenge environmentalists and industrialists alike.


    From the Trade Paperback edition.

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