Thomas Suddendorf is a professor of psychology at the University of Queensland, whose research has been covered by the BBC, Discover, and the New York Times. He lives in Queensland, Australia.
The Gap: The Science of What Separates Us from Other Animals
eBook
-
ISBN-13:
9780465069842
- Publisher: Basic Books
- Publication date: 11/12/2013
- Sold by: Hachette Digital, Inc.
- Format: eBook
- Pages: 352
- File size: 3 MB
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There exists an undeniable chasm between the capacities of humans and those of animals, but what exactly is the difference between our minds and theirs? In The Gap, psychologist Thomas Suddendorf provides a definitive account of what makes human minds unique and how this disparity arose. He proposes that two innovations account for all of the ways in which our minds appear so distinct: our open-ended ability to imagine and reflect, and our insatiable drive to link our minds together. It is not language or morality that set us apart, but the ability to consider a range of scenarios, real and imagined, past and future. A provocative argument for reconsidering our place in nature, The Gap is essential reading for anyone interested in our evolutionary origins and our relationship with the rest of the animal kingdom.
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To determine what distinguishes the mental capabilities of humans from those of our closest living relatives (chimpanzees and great apes), Australian psychologist Suddendorf uses diverse data drawn from the worlds of human developmental theory, infant and child psychology, and primate ethology to walk a moderate line between “romantic” and “killjoy” interpretations of animal “behavior as an indicator of mind.” He explores six realms in which human thinking appears to be qualitatively different from that of animals—“language, mental time travel, mind reading, intelligence, culture, and morality”—and finally locates the gap in the interaction between two key mental capacities: nested scenario building and the urge to connect. His analysis of the of the gap’s development is much more straightforward, as he digs into evolutionary theory, molecular evidence, and the fossil record to show interbreeding and physical signs of intermediate capacities in early hominin species, positing that we Homo sapiens widened the gap by murdering our nearest evolutionary neighbors. His musings provoke thought about humanity’s place in the community of life, and he considers whether a rich or lean interpretation of the inner worlds of the creatures around us serves us best. (Nov.)
Times Higher Education
“In his admirably clear and cogent first book The Gap: The Science of What Separates Us from Other Animals [Suddendorf] seeks a middle way that does justice to other species while arguing that there really are important differences between us and them.... Suddendorf's book is a fine introduction to this fascinating field and deserves a wide audience.”
Financial Times
“Our success as a dominant species, [Suddendorf] says, has depended on our ability to imagine and communicate. But he goes further, suggesting that the gap between humans and animals is widening, not because we are becoming smarter but because we are killing off our closest intelligent animal relatives. Suddendorf brilliantly fills in the gap with telling detail and acute analysis.”
The Times (UK)
“Fascinating....enjoyable....would make [a] marvellous gift.”
Nature
A PUBLISHERS WEEKLY Top 10 Fall Science Title
A BBC FOCUS Editor's Choice
“[The Gap] provides a new lens through which to see the world. Read it, and you might never look at yourself or your household pets in the same light.”
Science Magazine
“A rewarding, thought-provoking journey.... Mr. Suddendorf cuts an entertaining swath through a thicket of research studies on primate cognition.... The author's style is not only consistently interesting and informative but at times delightfully playful.... A welcome addition to the growing literature explaining science to the intelligent layperson.”
Wall Street Journal
"Suddendorf is a skillful guide through 'the gap' between animal and human minds. He describes clever animal experiments and observational work with lucidity. He ends with a plea. Our ape cousins are dying out. It's vital that we use our unique powers of foresight to prevent the gap from widening. [Five stars]"
BBC Focus
“With the sure-handedness of a leading scientist and the love of man and of animals of a true humanist, Suddendorf takes a close look at what makes humans unique. I learned a heck of a lot from this important book, and so will you.”
Oren Harman, Professor of the History of Science, Bar Ilan University, and author of The Price of Altruism
“The Gap brilliantly combines scholarship with accessibility, explaining often difficult ideas in plain language. This is popular science at its besterudite, entertaining, and wonderfully informative.”
Michael Corballis, Professor of Psychology, University of Auckland, and author of The Recursive Mind
“In this fascinating discussion of the gap between us and other species, Suddendorf poses a series of questions about what makes us uniquely human. The reader is taken on a tour of intriguing and sometimes bizarre research tales interwoven with the author's observations of his own children and other animals. Written in a friendly, accessible style, this book is a must read for anyone interested in who we are and whyor ifwe are special.”
Niki Harré, author of Psychology for a Better World
“This is a thought-provoking book that gives new meaning to the phrase ‘know thyself'making it clear the endeavour should go beyond navel-gazing to ponder the larger significance of being human.”
New Scientist
“Captivating.”
Times Literary Supplement
“Beautifully written, well researched and thought provoking, The Gap searches for key differences between humans and the rest of the animal kingdom, and presents a balanced overview of the current status of our understanding of the mental abilities of animals. I found it fascinating and strongly recommend it to everyone who is curious as to how we have evolved to become the dominant species in the world today. Thank you, Thomas Suddendorf, for writing this book.”
Jane Goodall, PhD, DBE, Founder, The Jane Goodall Institute, and UN Messenger of Peace
“Suddendorf takes us systematically through the ‘language, mental time travel, theory of mind, intelligence, culture, and morality' that animals may demonstrate and compares each domain to our own. He does so in delightfully direct, even evocative language.... Provocative
This is a very important book.”
Australian Book Review
“[A] fine new book.”
Weekly Standard
“Sweeping, sharply argued, and exceptionally entertaining, The Gap tells a story that may turn out to be one of the great scientific discoveries of the century. Thomas Suddendorf is one of the world leaders in the study of the evolution of the human mind. His analysis of the ‘gap' is brilliant, a veritable eye-opener. This book expands your mind. You can feel it as you read it. Begin with the first chapter. It alone is worth more than the price of the total opus.”
Endel Tulving, Professor Emeritus of Psychology, University of Toronto, and author of Elements of Episodic Memory
“A provocative and entertaining gem of a book.”
Simon Baron-Cohen, Professor of Developmental Psychopathology, Cambridge University, and author of The Science of Evil
“In this deep, illuminating investigation of the human condition, Thomas Suddendorf artfully brings the latest data from cognitive science and ethology to bear on the Greek adage: ‘know thyself.'A must-read for anyone interested in evolution and the origins of humanity.”
Stanislas Dehaene, author of Reading in the Brain
“An excellent work which probably stands alone in its field.”
Richard Leakey
“[A] sure-handed, fascinating book.”
Scientific American Mind
“Thought-provoking.”
Top 10 Science and Tech Books for November, The Guardian (UK)
“Wonderful.... Important and beautifully written.”
Journal of the History of Biology
“Bringing together the latest research in animal behavour, child development, anthropology, psychology and neuroscience, Suddendorf makes you think about our place in nature and puts forward a provocative argument for reconsidering what makes us human.”
The Vegetarian (UK)
“Fascinating reading.... A fine example of science made accessible for general readers, combining history, personal anecdotes, clear accounts of research and a broad picture of human evolution.”
Kirkus Reviews
A reader-friendly examination of the great gap that exists between human beings and the rest of the animal world and an explanation of how our minds came to be unique. In his debut, Suddendorf (Psychology/Univ. of Queensland) first looks at what we have learned about the mental capacities of other primates, describing numerous experiments and both lean and rich interpretations of data. The author's words for these differing interpretations are "killjoy" and "romantic," respectively, and he takes a position midway between them. His descriptions of the many ingenious tests to assess the capabilities of various species and of human children make for fascinating reading. In language, intelligence, theory of mind, culture and morality, humans are set apart by the ability to imagine and reflect on different scenarios and by the desire to link their scenario-building minds together. Thus, while animals have communication, humans have an open-ended language; while they demonstrate problem solving, humans have abstract reasoning; while they have memory, humans have mental time travel; while they show evidence of traditions, humans have cumulative culture; and while they display empathy, humans have morality. As to how this gap came to exist, the author posits that Homo sapiens are just one branch of the various species of hominids that once existed and that our ancestors may have played a major role in eliminating their closest relatives on the family tree. "The reason the current gap between animal and human minds seems so large and so baffling, then," writes the author, "may be because we have destroyed the missing links." He warns that the gap will widen as humans drive the great apes into extinction, but in a surprisingly hopeful conclusion, he notes that humans are capable of choosing and creating a desirable future for ourselves and for our closest relatives. A fine example of science made accessible for general readers, combining history, personal anecdotes, clear accounts of research and a broad picture of human evolution.