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    The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner

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    by James Hogg, Ian Duncan


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    Ian Duncan is Professor of English at the University of California, Berkeley.

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    The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner


    By James Hogg

    OPEN ROAD INTEGRATED MEDIA

    Copyright © 2016 Open Road Integrated Media
    All rights reserved.
    ISBN: 978-1-5040-3463-0


    CHAPTER 1

    The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Sinner

    WRITTEN BY HIMSELF


    PRIVATE MEMOIRS AND CONFESSIONS OF A SINNER


    My life has been a life of trouble and turmoil of change and vicissitude; of anger and exultation; of sorrow and of vengeance. My sorrows have all been for a slighted gospel, and my vengeance has been wreaked on its adversaries. Therefore, in the might of Heaven, I will sit down and write: I will let the wicked of this world know what I have done in the faith of the promises, and justification by grace, that they may read and tremble, and bless their gods of silver and gold that the minister of Heaven was removed from their sphere before their blood was mingled with their sacrifices.

    I was born an outcast in the world, in which I was destined to act so conspicuous a part. My mother was a burning and a shining light, in the community of Scottish worthies, and in the days of her virginity had suffered much in the persecution of the saints. But it so pleased Heaven that, as a trial of her faith, she was married to one of the wicked; a man all over spotted with the leprosy of sin. As well might they have conjoined fire and water together, in hopes that they would consort and amalgamate, as purity and corruption: She fled from his embraces the first night after their marriage, and from that time forth his iniquities so galled her upright heart that she quitted his society altogether, keeping her own apartments in the same house with him.

    I was the second son of this unhappy marriage, and, ere ever I was born, my father according to the flesh disclaimed all relation or connection with me, and all interest in me, save what the law compelled him to take, which was to grant me a scanty maintenance; and had it not been for a faithful minister of the gospel, my mother's early instructor, I should have remained an outcast from the church visible. He took pity on me, admitting me not only into that, but into the bosom of his own household and ministry also, and to him am I indebted, under Heaven, for the high conceptions and glorious discernment between good and evil, right and wrong, which I attained even at an early age. It was he who directed my studies aright, both in the learning of the ancient fathers and the doctrines of the reformed church, and designed me for his assistant and successor in the holy office. I missed no opportunity of perfecting myself particularly in all the minute points of theology in which my reverend father and mother took great delight; but at length I acquired so much skill that I astonished my teachers, and made them gaze at one another. I remember that it was the custom, in my patron's house, to ask questions of the Single Catechism round every Sabbath night. He asked the first, my mother the second, and so on, everyone saying the question asked and then asking the next. It fell to my mother to ask Effectual Calling at me. I said the answer with propriety and emphasis. "Now, madam," added I, "my question to you is: What is Ineffectual Calling?"

    "Ineffectual Calling? There is no such thing, Robert," said she.

    "But there is, madam," said I, and that answer proves how much you say these fundamental precepts by rote, and without any consideration. Ineffectual Calling is the outward call of the gospel without any effect on the hearts of unregenerated and impenitent sinners. Have not all these the same calls, warnings, doctrines, and reproofs, that we have? And is not this ineffectual Calling? Has not Ardinferry the same? Has not Patrick M'Lure the same? Has not the Laird of Dalcastle and his reprobate heir the same? And will any tell me that this is not Ineffectual Calling?"

    "What a wonderful boy he is!" said my mother.

    "I'm feared he turn out to be a conceited gowk," said old Barnet, the minister's man.

    "No," said my pastor, and father (as I shall henceforth denominate him). "No, Barnet, he is a wonderful boy; and no marvel, for I have prayed for these talents to be bestowed on him from his infancy: and do you think that Heaven would refuse a prayer so disinterested? No, it is impossible. But my dread is, madam," continued he, turning to my mother, "that he is yet in the bond of iniquity."

    "God forbid!" said my mother.

    "I have struggled with the Almighty long and hard," continued he; "but have as yet no certain token of acceptance in his behalf, I have indeed fought a hard fight, but have been repulsed by him who hath seldom refused my request; although I cited his own words against him, and endeavoured to hold him at his promise, he hath so many turnings in the supremacy of his power, that I have been rejected. How dreadful is it to think of our darling being still without the pale of the covenant! But I have vowed a vow, and in that there is hope."

    My heart quaked with terror when I thought of being still living in a state of reprobation, subjected to the awful issues of death, judgment, and eternal misery, by the slightest accident or casualty; and I set about the duty of prayer myself with the utmost earnestness. I prayed three times every day, and seven times on the Sabbath; but, the more frequently and fervently that I prayed, I sinned still the more. About this time, and for a long period afterwards, amounting to several years, I lived in a hopeless and deplorable state of mind; for I said to myself, "If my name is not written in the book of life from all eternity, it is in vain for me to presume that either vows or prayers of mine, or those of all mankind combined, can ever procure its insertion now." I had come under many vows, most solemnly taken, every one of which I had broken; and I saw with the intensity of juvenile grief that there was no hope for me. I went on sinning every hour, and all the while most strenuously warring against sin, and repenting of every one transgression as soon after the commission of it as I got leisure to think. But, oh, what a wretched state this unregenerated state is, in which every effort after righteousness only aggravates our offences! I found it vanity to contend; for, after communing with my heart, the conclusion was as follows: "If I could repent me of all my sins, and shed tears of blood for them, still have I not a load of original transgression pressing on me that is enough to crush me to the lowest hell. I may be angry with my first parents for having sinned, but how I shall repent me of their sin is beyond what I am able to comprehend."

    Still, in those days of depravity and corruption, I had some of those principles implanted in my mind which were afterwards to spring up with such amazing fertility among the heroes of the faith and the promises. In particular, I felt great indignation against all the wicked of this world, and often wished for the means of ridding it of such a noxious burden. I liked John Barnet, my reverend father's serving-man, extremely ill; but, from a supposition that he might be one of the justified, I refrained from doing him any injury. He gave always his word against me, and when we were by ourselves, in the barn or the fields, he rated me with such severity for my faults that my heart could brook it no longer. He discovered some notorious lies that I had framed, and taxed me with them in such a manner that I could in no wise get off. My cheek burnt, with offence, rather than shame; and he, thinking he had got the mastery of me, exulted over me most unmercifully, telling me I was a selfish and conceited blackguard, who made great pretences towards religious devotion to cloak a disposition tainted with deceit, and that it would not much astonish him if I brought myself to the gallows.

    I gathered some courage from his over-severity, and answered him as follows: "Who made thee a judge of the actions or dispositions of the Almighty's creatures — thou who art a worm and no man in his sight? How it befits thee to deal out judgments and anathemas! Hath he not made one vessel to honour, and another to dishonour, as in the case with myself and thee? Hath he not builded his stories in the heavens, and laid the foundations thereof in the earth, and how can a being like thee judge between good and evil, that are both subjected to the workings of his hand; or of the opposing principles in the soul of man, correcting, modifying, and refining one another?"

    I said this with that strong display of fervour for which I was remarkable at my years, and expected old Barnet to be utterly confounded; but he only shook his head, and, with the most provoking grin, said: "There he goes! Sickan sublime and ridiculous sophistry I never heard come out of another mouth but ane. There needs nae aiths to be sworn afore the session wha is your father, young goodman. I ne'er, for my part, saw a son sac like a dad, sin' my een first opened." With that he went away, saying with an ill-natured wince: "You made to honour and me to dishonour! Dirty bow-kail thing that thou be'st!"

    "I will have the old rascal on the hip for this, if I live," thought I. So I went and asked my mother if John was a righteous man. She could not tell, but supposed he was, and therefore I got no encouragement from her. I went next to my reverend father, and inquired his opinion, expecting as little from that quarter. He knew the elect as it were by instinct, and could have told you of all those in his own, and some neighbouring parishes, who were born within the boundaries of the covenant of promise, and who were not.

    "I keep a good deal in company with your servant, old Barnet, father," said I.

    "You do, boy, you do, I see," said he.

    "I wish I may not keep too much in his company," said I, "not knowing what kind of society I am in. Is John a good man, father?"

    "Why, boy, he is but so so. A morally good man John is, but very little of the leaven of true righteousness, which is faith, within. I am afraid old Barnet, with all his stock of morality, will be a castaway."

    My heart was greatly cheered by this remark; and I sighed very deeply, and hung my head to one side. The worthy father observed me, and inquired the cause, when I answered as follows: "How dreadful the thought, that I have been going daily in company and fellowship with one whose name is written on the red-letter side of the book of life; whose body and soul have been, from all eternity, consigned over to everlasting destruction, and to whom the blood of the atonement can never, never reach! Father, this is an awful thing, and beyond my comprehension."

    "While we are in the world, we must mix with the inhabitants thereof," said he; "and the stains which adhere to us by reason of this mixture, which is unavoidable, shall all be washed away. It is our duty, however, to shun the society of wicked men as much as possible, lest we partake of their sins, and become sharers with them in punishment. John, however, is morally a good man, and may yet get a cast of grace."

    "I always thought him a good man till to-day," said I, "when he threw out some reflections on your character, so horrible that I quake to think of the wickedness and malevolence of his heart. He was rating me very impertinently for some supposed fault, which had no being save in his own jealous brain, when I attempted to reason him out of his belief in the spirit of calm Christian argument. But how do you think he answered me? He did so, sir, by twisting his mouth at me, and remarking that such sublime and ridiculous sophistry never came out of another mouth but one (meaning yours) and that no oath before a kirk session was necessary to prove who was my dad, for that he had never seen a son so like a father as I was like mine."

    "He durst not for his soul's salvation, and for his daily bread, which he values much more, say such a word, boy; therefore, take care what you assert," said my reverend father.

    "He said these very words, and will not deny them, sir," said I.

    My reverend father turned about in great wrath and indignation, and went away in search of John, but I kept out of the way, and listened at a back window; for John was dressing the plot of ground behind the house; and I hope it was no sin in me that I did rejoice in the dialogue which took place, it being the victory of righteousness over error.

    "Well, John, this is a fine day for your delving work."

    "Ay, it's a tolerable day, sir."

    "Are you thankful in heart, John, for such temporal mercies as these?"

    "Aw doubt we're a' ower little thankfu', sir, baith for temporal an' speeritual mercies; but it isna aye the maist thankfu' heart that maks the greatest fraze wi' the tongue."

    "I hope there is nothing personal under that remark, John?"

    "Gin the bannet fits ony body's head, they're unco welcome to it, sir, for me."

    "John, I do not approve of these innuendoes. You have an arch malicious manner of vending your aphorisms, which the men of the world are too apt to read the wrong way, for your dark hints are sure to have one very bad meaning."

    "Hout na, sir, it's only bad folks that think sac. They find ma bits o' gibes come hame to their hearts wi' a kind o' yerk, an' that gars them wince."

    "That saying is ten times worse than the other, John; it is a manifest insult: it is just telling me to my face that you think me a bad man."

    "A body canna help his thoughts, sir."

    "No, but a man's thoughts are generally formed from observation. Now I should like to know, even from the mouth of a misbeliever, what part of my conduct warrants such a conclusion."

    "Nae particular pairt, sir; I draw a' my conclusions frae the haill o' a man's character, an' I'm no that aften far wrong."

    "Well, John, and what sort of general character do you suppose mine to be?"

    "Yours is a Scripture character, sir, an' I'll prove it."

    "I hope so, John. Well, which of the Scripture characters do you think approximates nearest to my own?"

    "Guess, sir, guess; I wish to lead a proof."

    "Why, if it be an Old Testament character, I hope it is Melchizedek, for at all events you cannot deny there is one point of resemblance: I, like him, am a preacher of righteousness. If it be a New Testament character, I suppose you mean the Apostle of the Gentiles, of whom I am an unworthy representative."

    "Na, na, sir, better nor that still, an' fer closer is the resemblance. When ye bring me to the point, I maun speak. Ye are the just Pharisee, sir, that gaed up wi' the poor publican to pray in the Temple; an' ye're acting the very same pairt at this time, an' saying i' your heart, 'God, I thank thee that I am not as other men are, an' in nae way like this poor misbelieving unregenerate sinner, John Barnet.'"

    "I hope I may say so indeed."

    "There now! I tauld you how it was! But, d'ye hear, maister. Here stands the poor sinner, John Barnet, your beadle an' servantman, wha wadna change chances wi' you in the neist world, nor consciences in this, for ten times a' that you possess — your justification by faith an' awthegither."

    "You are extremely audacious and impertinent, John; but the language of reprobation cannot affect me: I came only to ask you one question, which I desire you to answer candidly. Did you ever say to anyone that I was the boy Robert's natural father?"

    "Hout na, sir! Ha-ha-ha! Aih, fie, na, sir! I durst-na say that for my life. I doubt the black stool, an' the sack gown, or maybe the juggs wad hae been my portion had I said sic a thing as that. Hout, hout! Fie, fie! Unco-like doings thae for a Melchizedek or a Saint Paul!"

    "John, you are a profane old man, and I desire that you will not presume to break your jests on me. Tell me, dare you say, or dare you think, that I am the natural father of that boy?"

    "Ye canna hinder me to think whatever I like, sir, nor can I hinder mysel."

    "But did you ever say to anyone that he resembled me, and fathered himself well enough?"

    "I hae said mony a time that he resembled you, sir. Naebody can mistake that."

    "But, John, there are many natural reasons for such likenesses, besides that of consanguinity. They depend much on the thoughts and affections of the mother; and it is probable that the mother of this boy, being deserted by her worthless husband, having turned her thoughts on me, as likely to be her protector, may have caused this striking resemblance."

    "Ay, it may be, sir. I coudna say."


    (Continues...)

    Excerpted from The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner by James Hogg. Copyright © 2016 Open Road Integrated Media. Excerpted by permission of OPEN ROAD INTEGRATED MEDIA.
    All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher.
    Excerpts are provided by Dial-A-Book Inc. solely for the personal use of visitors to this web site.

    Table of Contents

    Introduction
    James Hogg: A Brief Chronology
    A Note on the Text

    The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner

    Appendix A: Contexts of Reference

    1. The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Romans
    2. Jean Calvin
    3. A Cloud of Witnesses
    4. Edward Fisher
    5. James Hadow
    6. Robert Burns

    Appendix B: Contexts of Production

    1. E.T.A. Hoffmann
    2. Nicol Muschet
    3. S.L. Mitchill
    4. H. Dewar

    Appendix C: Contemporary Reviews

    1. Westminster Review, October, 1824
    2. The New Monthly Magazine and Literary Journal, 1824
    3. The Examiner, August, 1824
    4. The British Critic, 1824

    Works Cited/Recommended Reading

    Glossary

    What People are Saying About This

    Professor John Barrell

    Hogg's Private Memoirs and Confessions has at last appeared in a fully-annotated version, with a wonderfully illuminating critical introduction by Peter Garside. There are two fascinating essays on the reception of the novel and on its roots in the history and geography of Scotland. This is a superb addition to a superb series.

    Professor John Barrell, University of York

    Robert Morrison

    Hogg [is] a writer who assimilated, subverted, and fictionalised the rigid class structures of his day, and whose innovative and varied contributions make him a key Romantic auto/biographer, journalist, and novelist. Peter Garside's edition of Confessions of a Justified Sinner throws a great deal of new light on a familiar text. His introduction... brings together the insights of previous editions and the finest scholarship on Hogg of the past twenty years... Garsides endnotes add immensely to our knowledge of Hogg's most famous book, and cap a scholarly edition that is impressive from start to finish.

    Robert Morrison, Acadia University

    John Barrell

    Hogg's Private Memoirs and Confessions has at last appeared in a fully-annotated version, with a wonderfully illuminating critical introduction by Peter Garside. There are two fascinating essays on the reception of the novel and on its roots in the history and geography of Scotland. This is a superb addition to a superb series.

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    "I was born an outcast in the world, in which I was destined to act so conspicuous a part. My mother was a burning and a shining light. But she was married to a man all over spotted with the leprosy of sin. She fled from his embraces the first night after their marriage. . . ." James Hogg wrote about the supernatural powerfully and convincingly, especially in his best-known novel, The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner, published in 1824; it has been called "the greatest of all Scottish novels."

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    From the Publisher
    "A Scottish classic, a world classic."
    -Ian Rankin

    "A sinister, funny, moving tale of demonic possession, murder and religious fanaticism."
    -Sunday Telegraph

    IAN RANKIN
    Hogg's enduring masterpiece is a triumph and deserves to be read, enjoyed and discussed by a new generation
    JAMES ROBERTSON
    Hogg's masterpiece is a psychological thriller, a metaphysical puzzle and a theological and philosophical maze all in one . . . A strange, disturbing obsession of a book
    Philip Pullman
    Its atmosphere is unique, its penetration is shocking, and the truthfulness of its account of religious mania is both timeless and timely
    author of THE TESTAMENT OF GIDEON MACK James Robertson
    Hogg's masterpiece is a psychological thriller, a metaphysical puzzle and a theological and philosophical maze all in one. Its inconsistencies and unresolved questions are what make it at once so gripping and yet so hard to grasp. A strange, disturbing obsession of a book, and a key text of Scottish literature.
    from his introduction Ian Rankin
    Hogg's enduring masterpiece is a triumph and deserves to be read, enjoyed and discussed by a new generation.
    Meiko O'Halloran Linacre College
    "Hunter presents the Confessions with accuracy and care, placing welcome emphasis on the deliberately perplexing nature of the work and Hogg's desire to unsettle and challenge us as readers."
    Simon Kövesi University of Dundee
    "Hunter's edition of Hogg's Confessions is simply the best paperback edition currently available. His introductory essay sets out the idiosyncratic historical, theological and literary contexts of this marvellous novel in a lucid and authoritative manner, drawing on his intimate knowledge of recent Hogg scholarship."
    Peter D. Garside Cardiff University
    "Hunter's introduction is well-informed in terms both of the novel's intellectual context and current critical approaches, while the 1824-based text offers a clear reading version of the novel as originally published. Especially valuable are the volume's appendices, with their well-chosen selections from earlier and contemporary writings relating to key aspects such as theological background, gothic fiction, and mental illness."
    Duncan Wu St. Catherine's College
    "Adrian Hunter's thorough introduction and detailed annotations make this an essential edition for all students of Hogg's great novel. Like other Broadview titles, it also contains a number of auxiliary materials, such as contemporary reviews and a chronology, that will greatly enhance the reader's appreciation."
    Simon Kövesi University of Dundee
    "Hunter's edition of Hogg's Confessions is simply the best paperback edition currently available. His introductory essay sets out the idiosyncratic historical, theological and literary contexts of this marvellous novel in a lucid and authoritative manner, drawing on his intimate knowledge of recent Hogg scholarship."
    Simon Kövesi University of Dundee
    "Hunter's edition of Hogg's Confessions is simply the best paperback edition currently available. His introductory essay sets out the idiosyncratic historical, theological and literary contexts of this marvellous novel in a lucid and authoritative manner, drawing on his intimate knowledge of recent Hogg scholarship."
    Scotia - Rhona Brown
    The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner retains its place as an astonishing 'classic' of nineteenth-century fiction.
    AB Bookman's Weekly - Kay Gardner
    We are left to our own imaginations and our own devices to piece together what exactly happened in and around the lands of Delcastle in the early 1700s. This, in short, is the essence of Hogg's genius.... [Hogg] will take his place beside James Joyce, Ernest Hemingway, Dostoevsky and D. H. Lawrence. If you have read him, read him again in this new, unedited, and thoroughly annotated version. If you've never read him, you should.
    Scotia: Interdisciplinary Journal of Scottish Studies
    The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner retains its place as an astonishing 'classic' of nineteenth-century fiction.

    — Rhona Brown

    AB Bookman's Weekly
    We are left to our own imaginations and our own devices to piece together what exactly happened in and around the lands of Delcastle in the early 1700s. This, in short, is the essence of Hogg's genius.... [Hogg] will take his place beside James Joyce, Ernest Hemingway, Dostoevsky and D. H. Lawrence. If you have read him, read him again in this new, unedited, and thoroughly annotated version. If you've never read him, you should.

    — Kay Gardner

    Scotia
    The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner retains its place as an astonishing 'classic' of nineteenth-century fiction.

    — Rhona Brown

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