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Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen (16 July 1872 – c. 18 June 1928) was a Norwegian explorer of polar regions. He led the Antarctic expedition (1910-12) to discover the South Pole in December 1911 and he was the first expedition leader to (undisputedly) reach the North Pole in 1926. He is also known as the first to traverse the Northwest Passage (1903-06). He disappeared in June 1928 while taking part in a rescue mission. Amundsen, along with Douglas Mawson, Robert Falcon Scott, and Ernest Shackleton, was a key expedition leader during the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration.
Amundsen disappeared on 18 June 1928 while flying on a rescue mission with Norwegian pilot Leif Dietrichson, French pilot René Guilbaud, and three more Frenchmen, looking for missing members of Nobile's crew, whose new airship Italia had crashed while returning from the North Pole. Afterwards, a wing-float and bottom gasoline tank from the French Latham 47 flying boat he was in, improvised into a replacement wing-float, was found near the Tromsø coast. It is believed that the plane crashed in fog in the Barents Sea, and that Amundsen was killed in the crash, or died shortly afterwards. His body was never found.
![THE SOUTH POLE by ROALD AMUNDSEN (Special Nook Edition) The Great World Adventures and Adventurers Series ROALD AMUNDSEN [Explorer of the North Pole and South Pole] COMPLETE AND UNABRIDGED VERSION OF ROALD AMUNDSEN'S THE SOUTH POLE](http://prodimage.images-bn.com/pimages/2940014736633_p0_v1_s450x600.jpg "pdp")
THE SOUTH POLE by ROALD AMUNDSEN (Special Nook Edition) The Great World Adventures and Adventurers Series ROALD AMUNDSEN [Explorer of the North Pole and South Pole] COMPLETE AND UNABRIDGED VERSION OF ROALD AMUNDSEN'S THE SOUTH POLE
by Roald Amundsen, Great World Adventures and Adventurers (Editor), The South Pole by Roald Amundsen, NOOKBook Roald Amundsen, The South Pole NOOK Edition
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BN ID:
2940014736633
- Publisher: Great World Adventures and Adventurers
- Publication date: 05/31/2012
- Series: Great World Adventures and Adventurers , #2
- Sold by: Barnes & Noble
- Format: eBook
- Sales rank: 387,392
- File size: 497 KB
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THE SOUTH POLE by ROALD AMUNDSEN
(Special Nook Edition)
The Great World Adventures and Adventurers Series
ROALD AMUNDSEN [Explorer of the North Pole and South Pole]
ABOUT THIS BOOK
On 3 June 1910, using the ship Fram ("Forward"), earlier used by Fridtjof Nansen, Roald Amundsen left Norway for the south pole. He sent a telegram stating simply: "BEG TO INFORM YOU FRAM PROCEEDING ANTARCTIC--AMUNDSEN." The expedition arrived at the eastern edge of the Ross Ice Shelf (then known as "the Great Ice Barrier") at a large inlet called the Bay of Whales on 14 January 1911, where Amundsen located his base camp and named it Framheim. Further, Amundsen eschewed the heavy wool clothing worn on earlier Antarctic attempts in favour of Eskimo-style skins.
Using skis and dog sleds for transportation, Amundsen and his men created supply depots at 80°, 81° and 82° South on the Barrier, along a line directly south to the Pole. Amundsen also planned to kill some of his dogs on the way and use them as a source for fresh meat. A premature attempt, which included Hjalmar Johansen, Kristian Prestrud and Jørgen Stubberud, set out on 8 September 1911, but had to be abandoned due to extreme temperatures. The painful retreat caused a tempering quarrel within the group, with the result that Johansen and others were sent to explore King Edward VII Land.
A second attempt with a team, consisting of Olav Bjaaland, Helmer Hanssen, Sverre Hassel, Oscar Wisting, and Amundsen himself, departed on 19 October 1911. They took four sledges and 52 dogs. Using a route along the previously unknown Axel Heiberg Glacier, they arrived at the edge of the Polar Plateau on 21 November after a four-day climb. On 14 December 1911, the team of five, with 16 dogs, arrived at the Pole. They arrived 33–34 days before Scott’s group. Amundsen named their South Pole camp Polheim, "Home on the Pole." Amundsen renamed the Antarctic Plateau as King Haakon VII’s Plateau. They left a small tent and letter stating their accomplishment, in case they did not return safely to Framheim. The team returned to Framheim on 25 January 1912, with 11 dogs. Amundsen’s success was publicly announced on 7 March 1912, when he arrived at Hobart, Australia.
Amundsen’s expedition benefited from careful preparation, good equipment, appropriate clothing, a simple primary task (Amundsen did no surveying on his route south and is known to have taken only two photographs), an understanding of dogs and their handling, and the effective use of skis. In contrast to the misfortunes of Scott’s team, Amundsen’s trek proved rather smooth and uneventful.
In Amundsen’s own words:
"I may say that this is the greatest factor—the way in which the expedition is equipped—the way in which every difficulty is foreseen, and precautions taken for meeting or avoiding it. Victory awaits him who has everything in order — luck, people call it. Defeat is certain for him who has neglected to take the necessary precautions in time; this is called bad luck."
