Psychology / Edition 5

by Don H. Hockenbury, Sandra E. Hockenbury

Overview

More than any other psychology textbook, Don and Sandra Hockenbury’s Psychology relates the science of psychology to the lives of the wide range of students taking the introductory course. Now Psychology returns in a remarkable new edition that shows just how well-attuned the Hockenburys are to the needs of today’s students and instructors.

Psychology began with a basic idea: combine scientific authority with a narrative that engages students and relates to their lives. From decades of experience teaching, the Hockenburys created a book filled with cutting-edge science and real-life stories that draw students of all kinds into the course.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781429201438
Publisher:	Worth Publishers
Publication date:	12/19/2008
Edition description:	Fifth Edition
Pages:	864
Product dimensions:	9.30(w) x 11.00(h) x 1.30(d)

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction and Research

Methods

Prologue: Miracle Magnets?

Introduction: The Origins of Psychology

Contemporary Psychology

Culture and Human Behavior: What Is Cross-Cultural Psychology

The Scientific Method

Critical Thinking: What Is Critical Thinking?

Descriptive Research Methods

Science Versus Pseudoscience: What Is a Pseudoscience?

The Experimental Method

Focus on Neuroscience: Psychological Research Using Brain Imaging

Ethics in Psychological Research

In Focus: Questions About the Use of Animals in Psychological Research

Closing Thoughts

Application: Psychology in the Media: Becoming an

Informed Consumer

Chapter 2 Neuroscience and Behavior

Prologue: Asha’s Story

Introduction: Neuroscience and Behavior

The Neuron: The Basic Unit of Communication

The Nervous System and the Endocrine System: Communication Throughout the Body

A Guided Tour of the Brain

Focus on Neuroscience: Is Runner’s High an

Endorphine Rush?

Science Versus Pseudoscience: Phrenology: The Bumpy Road to Scientific Progress

Focus on Neuroscience: Juggling and Brain Plasticity

In Focus: The Curious Case of Phineas Gage

Specialization in the Cerebral Hemispheres

Critical Thinking: "His" and "Her" Brains Science Versus Pseudoscience: Brain Myths

Closing Thoughts

Application: Pumping Neurons: Maximizing Your Brain’s Potential

Chapter 3 Sensation and Perception

Prologue: Learning to See

Introduction: What Are Sensation and Perception?

Science Versus Pseudoscience: Subliminal

Perception

Vision: From Light to Sight

Focus on Neuroscience: Vision, Experience, and the Brain

Hearing: From Vibration to Sound

The Chemical and Body Senses: Smell, Taste, Touch, and Position

In Focus: Do Pheromones Influence Human Behavior?

Perception

Culture and Human Behavior: Ways of Seeing

Critical Thinking: ESP: Can Perception Occur Without Sensation?

Perceptual Illusions

The Effects of Experience on Perceptual Interpretations

Culture and Human Behavior: Culture and the Müller-Lyer Illusion: The Carpentered-World

Hypothesis

Closing Thoughts

Application: Strategies to Control Pain

Chapter 4 Consciousness and Its Variations

Prologue: Even in Good Men

Introduction: Consciousness: Experiencing the "Private I"

Biological and Environmental "Clocks" That Regulate Consciousness

Sleep

In Focus: What You Really Want to Know About Sleep

Dreams and Mental Activity During Sleep

Focus on Neuroscience: The Dreaming Brain:

Turning REM On and Off

In Focus: What You Really Want to Know About Dreams

Sleep Disorders: Troubled Sleep

Critical Thinking: Could a Person Commit Murder While Asleep?

Hypnosis

Critical Thinking: Is Hypnosis a Special State of Consciousness?

Meditation

Psychoactive Drugs

Focus on Neuroscience: The Addicted Brain:

Diminishing Rewards

Focus on Neuroscience: How Methamphetamines Erode the Brain

Closing Thoughts

Application: "Can’t Sleep? Read THIS!"

Chapter 5 Learning

Prologue: The Killer Attic

Introduction: What Is Learning?

Classical Conditioning: Associating Stimuli

In Focus: Watson, Classical Conditioning, and Advertising

Contemporary Views of Classical Conditioning

In Focus: Evolution, Biological Preparedness and Conditioned Fears: What Gives You the Creeps?

Operant Conditioning: Associating Behaviors and Consequences

In Focus: Changing the Behavior of Others: Alternatives to Punishment

Critical Thinking: Is Human Freedom Just an Illusion?

Focus on Neuroscience: Virtual Operant Conditioning: Remote-Controlled "Ratbots"

Contemporary Views of Operant Conditioning

Observational Learning: Imitating the Actions of Others

Focus on Neuroscience: Mirror Neurons: Imitation in the Brain?

Critical Thinking: Does "Reel" Violence Cause Real Aggressive Behavior?

Closing Thoughts

Application: Using Learning Principles to Improve Self-Control

Chapter 6 Memory

Prologue: The Drowning

Introduction: What Is Memory?

Culture and Human Behavior: Culture’s Effect on Earliest Memories

Retrieval: Getting Information from Long-Term Memory

Forgetting: When Retrieval Fails

In Focus: Déjà Vu: An Illusion of Memory

Imperfect Memories: Errors, Distortions, and False Memories

The Search for the Biological Basis of Memory

Critical Thinking: The Memory Wars: Recovered or False Memories?

Focus on Neuroscience: Assembling Memories: Echoes and Reflections of Perception

In Focus: H.M. and Famous People

Focus on Neuroscience: Mapping Brain Changes in Alzheimer’s Disease

Closing Thoughts

Application: Superpower Memory in Minutes per Day!

Chapter 7 Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Prologue: The Movie Moment

Introduction: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Focus on Neuroscience: Seeing Faces and Places in the Mind’s Eye

Solving Problems and Making Decisions

Critical Thinking: The Persistence of Unwarranted Beliefs

Language and Thought

Culture and Human Behavior: The Effect of Language on Perception

Measuring Intelligence

In Focus: Does a High IQ Score Predict Success in Life?

The Nature of Intelligence

Critical Thinking: Neurodiversity and the Autism

Spectrum Disorders

Culture and Human Behavior: Stereotype Threat:

Performing When There’s a "Threat in the Air"

Closing Thoughts

Application: A Workshop on Creativity

Chapter 8 Motivation and Emotion

Prologue: One Step at a Time

Introduction: Motivation and Emotion

Motivational Concepts and Theories

Biological Motivation: Hunger and Eating

Critical Thinking: Has Evolution Programmed Us to Overeat?

Focus on Neuroscience: Dopamine Receptors and Obesity

Psychological Needs as Motivators

Emotion

In Focus: Detecting Lies

Focus on Neuroscience: Emotions and the Brain

Critical Thinking: Emotion in Nonhuman Animals: Laughing Rats, Silly Elephants, and Smiling Dolphins?

Theories of Emotion: Explaining Emotion

Closing Thoughts

Application: Turning Your Goals into Reality

Chapter 9 Lifespan Development

Prologue: The Cheerleader and the Skydiver

Introduction: Your Life Story

Genetic Contributions to Your Life Story

Prenatal Development

Development During Infancy and Childhood

Culture and Human Behavior: Where Does the Baby Sleep?

Critical Thinking: The Effects of Child Care on Attachment and Development

Adolescence

Focus on Neuroscience: The Adolescent Brain:

A Work in Progress

Culture and Human Behavior: Conflict Between Adolescents and Their Parents

Adult Development

Late Adulthood and Aging

The Final Chapter: Dying and Death

Closing Thoughts

Application: Raising Psychologically Healthy Children

Chapter 10 Gender and Sexuality

Prologue: Soaring with Angels

Introduction: Gender and Sexuality

Gender Stereotypes and Gender Roles

Critical Thinking: Are Women Really More Emotional Than Men?

Gender-Role Development: Blue Bears and Pink Bunnies

In Focus: Beyond Male and Female: Variations in Gender Identity

Human Sexuality

Culture and Human Behavior: Evolution and Mate Preference

Sexual Behavior

Focus on Neuroscience: Romantic Love and the Brain

In Focus: Everything You Wanted to Know About Sexual Fantasies

Sexual Disorders and Problems

Closing Thoughts

Application: Men, Women, and Conflict: Bridging the Gender Gap

Chapter 11 Personality

Prologue: The Secret Twin

Introduction: What Is Personality?

The Psychoanalytic Perspective on Personality

The Humanistic Perspective on Personality

Critical Thinking: Freud Versus Rogers on Human Nature

The Social Cognitive Perspective on Personality

Critical Thinking: Freud Versus Bandura on Human Aggression

The Trait Perspective on Personality

Focus on Neuroscience: Personality Traits and Patterns of Brain Activity

In Focus: Explaining Those Amazing Identical-Twin Similarities

Assessing Personality: Psychological Tests

Science Versus Pseudoscience: Graphology:

The "Write" Way to Assess Personality?

Closing Thoughts

Application: Possible Selves: Imagine the Possibilities

Chapter 12 Social Psychology

Prologue: The "Homeless" Man

Introduction: What Is Social Psychology?

Person Perception: Forming Impressions of Other People

Focus on Neuroscience: Brain Reward When Making Eye Contact with Attractive People

Attribution: Explaining Behavior

Culture and Human Behavior: Explaining Failure and Murder: Culture and Attributional Biases

The Social Psychology of Attitudes

Understanding Prejudice

Conformity: Following the Crowd

Obedience: Just Following Orders

Critical Thinking: Abuse at Abu Ghraib: Why Do Ordinary People Commit Evil Acts?

Helping Behavior: Coming to the Aid of Strangers The Influence of Groups on Individual Behavior Closing Thoughts

Application: The Persuasion Game

Chapter 13 Stress, Health, and Coping

Prologue: Katie’s Story

Introduction: What Is Stress?

Culture and Human Behavior: The Stress of Adapting to a New Culture

Physical Effects of Stress: The Mind-Body Connection

Focus on Neuroscience: The Mysterious Placebo Effect

Individual Factors That Influence the Response to Stress

Critical Thinking: Do Personality Factors Cause Disease?

In Focus: Providing Effective Social Support

Coping: How People Deal with Stress In Focus: Gender Differences in Responding to Stress: "Tend and Befriend" or "Fight-or-Flight?"

Closing Thoughts

Application: Minimizing the Effects of Stress

Chapter 14 Psychological Disorders

Prologue: Behind the Steel Door

Introduction: Understanding Psychological Disorders

Critical Thinking: Are People with a Mental Illness as Violent as the Media Portray Them?

Anxiety Disorders: Intense Apprehension and Worry

Mood Disorders: Emotions Gone Awry

Critical Thinking: Does Smoking Cause Depression and Other Psychological Disorders?

Eating Disorders

Personality Disorders: Maladaptive Traits

The Dissociative Disorders: Fragmentation of the Self

Schizophrenia: A Different Reality

Focus on Neuroscience: The Hallucinating Brain

Culture and Human Behavior: Travel Advisory: The Jerusalem Syndrome

Focus on Neuroscience: Schizophrenia: A Wildfire in the Brain

Closing Thoughts

Application: Understanding and Helping to Prevent Suicide

Chapter 15 Therapies

Prologue: "A Clear Sense of Being Heard…"

Introduction: Psychotherapy and Biomedical Therapy

Psychoanalytic Therapy

Humanistic Therapy

Behavior Therapy

In Focus: Using Virtual Reality to Conquer Phobias

Cognitive Therapies

Group and Family Therapy

In Focus: Self-Help Groups: Helping Yourself by Helping Others

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Psychotherapy

Science Versus Pseudoscience: EMDR: Can You Wave Your Fears Away?

Culture and Human Behavior: Cultural Values and Psychotherapy

Biomedical Therapies

Focus on Neuroscience: Comparing Psychotherapy and Antidepressant Medication

Closing Thoughts

Application: What to Expect in Psychotherapy

Appendixes

Appendix A: Statistics: Understanding Statistics

Prologue: The Tables Are Turned: A Psychologist

Becomes a Research Subject

Descriptive Statistics

Inferential Statistics

Endnote

Appendix B: Industrial/Organizational Psychology

What Is Industrial/Organization Psychology?

Work Settings, Type of Training, and Employment Outlook

Box B.1: Name, Title, Generation

Personnel Psychology

Organizational Behavior

Box B.2: Servant Leadership: When It’s Not All About You

Workplace Trends and Issues